Issue 4 (89)
| EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ABRASIVES FOR NON-FERROUS METAL PRODUCTS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2025 | Number | 4 (89) |
| Pages | 120-131 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 903.05 | BBK | 63.48(2) |
| Authors | Bukacheva Anastasiya O. Kostomarova Yulia V. Davydov Roman V. Novoselov Andrey A. |
Topic | EXPERIMENTAL TRACEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE URALS AND SIBERIA |
| Summary | The article presents the results of experiments on abrasive processing of non-ferrous metal products. The purpose of the work is to characterize and specify the signs of wear on abrasive tools made of different raw materials in order to use the obtained data in the study of archaeological material of the Paleometal era. The study is based on a experimental-traceological method. A series of 30 experiments on the design and finishing of copper and bronze castings were conducted, the prototypes of which were objects from the sites of the Late Bronze Age of the Trans-Urals and the transitional period from the Bronze to Iron Age in the Ishim region. Unmodified fragments of different types of stone (sandstones, granites, argillites, quartz, siliceous rocks, etc.) were used as standards of abrasive tools. They eliminated casting and forging defects (seams, burrs, sprue residues), designed, sharpened the working parts of tools, adjusted them after use, finished and polished metal products. As a result, a collection of 16 standards of ancient tools with traces of wear was obtained. It was established that the nature of wear traces is affected, firstly, by the raw material of the abrasive tool, wear signs were formulated on different groups of rocks; secondly, by the operation performed and, in some cases, the type of casting. To verify the obtained data, a study of metal residues on ancient abrasives was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX, SEM-EDS). As a result, metal particles were found, which confirms their use in metalworking. | ||
| Keywords | Trans-Urals, Paleometal epoch, experimental-traceological analysis, SEM-EDX, metal-working, abrasives, traces of wear | ||
| References |
Alaeva I. P., Molchanov I. V., Bukacheva A. O., Blinov I. A. et al. Whetstones: Spectrum of Metal Tool Sharpening Operations in the Bronze Age of the Southern Trans-Urals, Russia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Report, 2025, vol. 63, 105090. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105090 (in English). Alayeva I. P. [Malaya Berezovaya 4 Bronze Age Settlement]. Dialog kul’tur Yevrazii v arkheologii Kazakhstana [Dialogue of Eurasian Cultures in the Archeology of Kazakhstan]. Astana: Saryark Publ., 2014, pp. 161–172. (in Russ.). Arkheologicheskoye naslediye Tyumenskoy oblasti: pamyatniki lesostepi i podtayezhnoy polosy [Archae-ological Heritage of the Tyumen Region: The Forest-Steppe and Subtaiga Belt Sites]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1995. (in Russ.). Davydov R. V. [Reconstruction of Metalworking Techniques for Copper and Bronze of the Tagar Culture on the Basis of Experimental Traceological Analysis]. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research], 2021, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 185–208. DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-11 (in Russ.). Davydov R. V., Gubar Yu. S. [Specificity of Raman Spectroscopy of Rock Art Paintings on Old Red Sandstone: Based on Naterials from the Minusinsk Basin]. Znaki i obrazy v iskusstve kamennogo veka: Materialy vserossiyskoy (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem) nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 300-letiyu Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Signs and Images in Stone Age Art Proceedings of the All-Russian (With International Participation) Scientific Conference “Signs and Images in Stone Age Art” Dedicated to the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, 21–24 October 2024]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN Publ., 2024, pp. 132–140. DOI: 10.17746/7803-0351-0.2024.132-140 (in Russ.). Degtyareva A. D., Kuzminikh S. V., Orlovskaya L. B. [Metal Production of the Petrovka Tribes (Based on the Materials of the Settlement Kulevchi 3)]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2001, no.3, pp. 23–54. (in Russ.). Degtyareva A. D., Kuzminykh S. V. [Non-Ferrous Metal of the Ustye Settlement]. Drevneye Ust’ye: ukreplennoye poseleniye bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural’ye [Ancient Ustye: A Fortified Settlement of the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Chelyabinsk: Abris Publ., 2013, pp. 216–253. (in Russ.). Girão A. V., Caputo G., Ferro M. C. Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, 2017, vol. 75, pp. 153–168. DOI: 10.1016/ bs.coac.2016.10.002 (in English). Girya E. Yu. [Traces as Type of Archaeological Sources (Abstract of Unpublished Lectures)]. Sledy v istorii. K 75-letiyu Vyacheslava Yevgen’yevicha Shchelinskogo [Traces in the History. Dedicated to 75 Anniversary of Viacheslav E. Shchelinsky]. Saint Petersburg: IIMK RAN Publ., 2015, pp. 232–268. (in Russ.). Golubeva E. V. Teoriya i praktika eksperimental’no-trasologicheskikh issledovaniy nemetallicheskogo instrumentariya rannego zheleznogo veka — srednevekov’ya (na materialakh yuzhno-tayezhnoy zony Sredney Sibiri) [Theory and Practice of Experimental Traceological Studies of Non-Metallic Tools from the Early Iron Age to the Middle Ages (Based on Materials from the South Taiga Zone of Central Siberia)]. Krasnoyarsk: Sibirskiy federal’nyy un-t Publ., 2016. (in Russ.). Hovington P., Timoshevskii V., Burgess S., Demers H., Statham P., Gauvin R., Zaghib K. Can We Detect Li K X-Ray in Lithium Compounds Using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy? Scanning, 2016, vol. 38, pp. 571–578. DOI: 10.1002/sca.21302 (in English). Kharevich V. M., Knyazeva E. V., Stasyuk I. V. [New Type of Abrasives Tools (Based on Materials of Nothern Angara Holocene Assembledges)]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology], 2013, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 77–86. (in Russ.). Kileinikov V. V. [Stone Mining and Metalworking Tools of the Mosolovskoye Settlement]. Epokha bronzy vostochno-yevropeyskoy stepi [The Bronze Age of the Eastern European Steppe]. Voronezh: voronezhskiy un-t Publ., 1984, pp. 108–123. (in Russ.). Korobkova G. F., Vinogradov N. B. [Stone and Bone Tools from the Kulevchi III Settlement]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya 1: Istoricheskiye nauki [Her-ald of Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University. Series 1. Historical Sciences], 2004, no. 2, pp. 57–87. (in Russ.). Kostomarova Yu. V. [Production Activity of the Maray 4 Fortified Settlement of the Early Iron Age in the Lower Ishim Area: Use-Wear Analysis]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2019, no. 3 (46), pp.48–61. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2019-46-3-048-061 (in Russ.). Kostomarova Yu. V. [Stone Tools in the Economic Activity of the Population of the Late Bronze Age in the Forest-Steppe Zone of the Tobol River Basin]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2017, no. 4 (39), pp. 28–36. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2017-39-4-028-036 (in Russ.). Kostomarova Yu. V., Sechko E. A. [Tools for the Metal Processing of the Alakul Population of the Forest-Steppe Tobol River Basin]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2023, no. 4 (63), pp. 108–119. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2023-63-4-8 (in Russ.). Kuzminykh S. V., Degtyareva A. D., Tigeeva E. V. [Metal Production of Krasnoozerka and Itkul Cultures of the Tobol-Ishim Interfluve]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2017, no. 4 (39), pp. 37–50. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2017-39-4-037-050 (in Russ.). Levit A. I. [A Collection of Stone Artifacts from Excavations of the Ustye I Fortified Settlement] Drevneye Ust’ye: ukreplennoye poseleniye bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural’ye [Ancient Ustye: A Fortified Settlement of the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Chelyabinsk: Abris Publ., 2013, pp. 265–284. (in Russ.). Matveev A. V. [The Cherkaskul Culture of the Trans-Urals]. AB ORIGINE: Problemy genezisa kul’tur Sibiri [AB ORIGINE: Problems of the Genesis of Siberian Cultures]. Tyumen: Vektor-Buk Publ., 2007, pp. 4–41. (in Russ.). Sarapulkina T. V., Kileinikov V. V. [A Functional and Planigraphic Analysis of the Stone Inventory of the Borisov Settlement]. Etnokul’turnyye protsessy drevnosti i srednevekov’ya v Vostochnoy Yevrope po dannym arkheologii (k 80-letiyu A. T. Sinyuka) [Ethnocultural Processes of Antiquity and the Middle Ages in Eastern Europe According to Archaeological Data (On the 80th Anniversary of A. T. Sinyuk)]. Voronezh: Voronezhskiy gos. ped. un-t Publ., 2020, pp. 141–156. (in Russ.). Semenov S. A. Pervobytnaia tekhnika (opyt izucheniia drevneishikh orudii i izdelii po sledam raboty) [Pre-historic Technology (A Study of Ancient Tools and Artifacts from the Traces of Use)]. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR Publ., 1957. (Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the USSR; no. 54). (in Russ.). Tkachev A. A., Kostomarova Yu. V. Tkachev A. A. [The Late Bronze Age Tool Complex of the Novo-Shadri-no VII Settlement (Experimental-Traceological Analysis)]. Chelovek i Sever: antropologiya, arkheologiya, ekologiya [Man and North: Anthropology, Archaeology, Ecology]. Tyumen: FITS TyumNTS SO RAN Publ., 2018, iss. 4, pp. 246–250. (in Russ.). Volkov P. V. Opyt eksperimenta v arkheologii [Experience in Experimental Archaeology]. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2013. (in Russ.). Volokitin A. V., Stepanova K. N. [Pecking-Abrasive Stone Tools for Bone Processing from the Cultural Layer 3 of Vylys Tom 2 Site at Izhma River]. Yevraziya v kaynozoye. Stratigrafiya, paleoekologiya, kul’tury [Eurasia in the Cenozoic. Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Cultures], 2017, vol. 6, pp. 201–206. (in Russ.). Zakh V. A. Poselok drevnikh skotovodov na Tobole [Ancient Cattle Breeders’ Settlement on the Tobol]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1995. (in Russ.). Zdanovich S. Ya., Semin D. V. [Stone Tools of the Arkaim Settlement]. Arkaim. Arkheologiya ukreplennykh poseleniy [Arkaim. The Archaeology of Fortified Settlements]. Chelyabinsk: ChelGU Publ., 2022, vol. 2, pp. 300–321. (in Russ.).
|
||
| Download in PDF | |||
