Issue 1 (90)
| “…THOSE IN POWER FROM TUMEN WILL CERTAINLY BE AFRAID TO IMPOSE SALYK AND KYSMET ON HIM…”: PRINCES AND TEMNIKS IN RUS’ DURING THE GOLDEN HORDE ERA | |||
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| Year | 2026 | Number | 1 (90) |
| Pages | 160-169 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 94(47)“12/13“ | BBK | 63.3(2)51 |
| Authors | Maiorov Alexander V. |
Topic | EURASIA IN THE MIDDLE AGES |
| Summary | Despite the gradual transformation and adaptation to local conditions, the Mongol military-administrative system, based on the decimal organization, continued to function for a long time. The widespread opinion about the lack of information about the Mongol Temniks and Thousanders operating in the Rus’ lands after the censuses of the taxable population in the mid-13th century requires revision, since it does not agree with the data of the Golden Horde and early Crimean documents. The inclusion of Temniks, Thousanders, Centurions and Tens (Desyatyniks) in the standard form of the khan’s yarlyk was not just a tribute to tradition, but also reflected the real structure of governance. Regular references to Tumens and decimal chiefs in the various documents of the 14th–15th centuries testify to the stability of this system. Yarlyks issued by the Horde khans to their subjects, including in Rus’ lands, secured the exemption of a charter recipients from paying taxes and performing various duties, the collection of which was directly carried out by decimal chiefs who governed the taxable population, organized according to the decimal principle. The Moscow princes, who sought to concentrate the collection of the khan’s tribute in their own hands and ultimately achieve liberation from the Horde power, consistently excluded from official documents any mention of the khan’s administrators responsible for fiscal measures. At the same time, the Golden Horde and post-Horde states rulers insisted on preserving the territorial-administrative units associated with the decimal system and their former chiefs, thereby striving to demonstrate a continuous connection with their powerful predecessors and ultimately legitimize claims to their legacy. | ||
| Keywords | decimal organization, temniks, thousanders, Mongol Empire, Golden Horde, Rus’, khan’s yarlyks | ||
| References |
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