| Summary |
This article focuses on the major role of “company towns” arising in the process of urbanization of the Russian Arctic and the development of rich natural and mineral resources of the region. It presents a discussion of the natural resources development in the Murmansk and the Archangel oblast, the Nenets AO, and the Republic of Karelia, and analyzes the experience in such cities as Monchegorsk, Vorkuta, Norilsk, etc. In many ways industrialization of the Arctic resembled the processes and problems elsewhere in the USSR including the challenges of planning and shortages, as well as extensive environmental impact. The development of social infrastructure at best belatedly met the existing needs of the population. The Soviet patterns of urbanization in the northern latitudes were also distinct from other regions: severe climate and geography imposed great hardships on settlers and great additional costs. These factors may explain the continued impact of company towns on Arctic ecosystems and its people to this day.
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| Keywords |
urbanization, migration, Gulag, mining, metallurgy, reclamation, shipbuilding, Monchegorsk, Molotovsk Severodvinsk, Amderma
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| References |
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