Home/ Search/ 2017/ Issue 2 (55)

Issue 2 (55)

NOMADIC PAST AND MODERN MOBILITY OF THE ROMA KALDERAR IN RUSSIA
Year	2017	Number	2 (55)
Pages	35-43	Type	scientific article
UDC	397	BBK	63.5(=522.4)
Authors	Chernykh Alexander V.	Topic	21ST CENTURY NOMADS
Summary	The article based on ethnographic field material deals with the characteristics of the Roma Kalderar mobility in Russia in the 20th century. The Roma Kalderar can be described as the seasonal nomadic craftsmen groups within the mostly sedentary agrarian population. In was this type of nomadism that was characteristic for the group. This way of life was inherited from the Kalderar tribes which immigrated to Russia in the past. It changed a lot during the 20th century undergoing various transformations during each of the historical periods — abandonment of traveling in wagons practice, travel by trains, sedentary life in one place for several years in succession. It the end for a number of reasons these developments led to the settlement of the groups. The principal occupation of the Roma Kalderar was trade: in many respects it was the key element of the group’s development and mobility, remaining their main occupation to this day. The government policy with regard to the Roma as well as other political, ideological, military and other events in the country had a great impact on the Roma mobility forcing them to adjust to new laws, rules and conditions in the countries of residence. The history of these processes was studied also at the local level using one of the Kalderar clan communities — the Ruvoni. The “nomadic” text today can be found not only in the recollections of the older generation, it is also reflected in the specific ‘nomadic’ mentality, readiness to hit the road at any time, it found its expression in the modern Roma mobility and readiness to start life anew in a new place. The ideas of nomadic traditions are preserved as a symbol of the Roma way of life and the key element of the Roma identity.
Keywords	Kalderar Roma in Russia, history of the Roma in the 20th century, nomadic traditions, mobility, traditional culture of the Roma
References	Абраменко О. А. Очерки языка и культуры цыган Северо-Запада России (русская и лотфитка рома). СПб., 2006. Бессонов Н. Миф о «кочевом племени». URL: http:// gypsy-life.net/mif-17.htm (дата обращения: 25.12.2016). Бугай Н. Ф. Цыгане России: общество, адаптация, консенсус (1900–2010). М., 2012. Деметер Н., Бессонов Н., Кутенков В. История цыган — новый взгляд. Воронеж, 2000. Деметер Р. С., Деметер П. С. Цыганско-русский и русско-цыганский словарь (кэлдэрарский диалект). М., 1990. Друц Е., Гесслер А. Цыгане: очерки. М., 1990. Килин А. П. Политика перевода цыган на оседлый образ жизни: проблемы реализации (1926–1937) // Документ. Архив. История. Современность. Екатеринбург, 2005. Вып. 5. С. 187–226. Марушиакова Е., Попов В. Преходът от чергарствоване към усядане // Христоматия по ромска култура. София, 2004. С. 9–22. Марушиакова Е., Попов В. Циганите в Османската империя. София, 2000. Петрович М. Цыганское племя сапоррони. СПб., 2007. Сказки и песни цыган России. М., 1987. Смирнова-Сеславинская М. В., Цветков Г. Н. Цыгане. Происхождение и культура: социально-антропологическое исследование. М., 2009. Черных А. В. Пермские цыгане: очерки этнографии цыганского табора. Пермь, 2003. Черных А. В., Вайман Д. И., Имайкина Е. А. Этносоциальные процессы в цыганских общинах Пермской области на современном этапе (по результатам этносоциологического исследования цыган Пермской области). Пермь, 2005.
Download in PDF