Issue 1 (58)

WEB-ETHNOGRAPHY AND CYBER-ETHNICITY
Year 2018 Number 1(58)
Pages 100-108 Type scientific article
UDC 39 BBK 63.500
Authors Golovnev Andrei V.
Belorussova Svetlana Yu.
Kisser Tatiana S.
Topic ETHNOHISTORY
Summary The cyber-space is more than just the reflection of the real ethnic composition of society, its gives birth to a new cyber-ethnicity. Its study requires the use of the adequate web-ethnography which is not reduced to the use of a computer or other gadgets, but also involves physical observation of the ways in which virtual reality is being built into our everyday life. As much as possible it is necessary to study the real (off-line) and the virtual (on-line) ethnicity in their relationships and disparities — using real individuals and communities as the case studies. The most intensive cyberactivity is demonstrated by the communities, first of all the diasporas and the ethnic minorities, which try to compensate through the net the deficit of the real-life territorial proximity and communication. In fact, the Internet substitutes for one of the bases of ethnicity which was formerly known as the “unity of the territory”. The motivation for the representation and the estimable positioning of one's own culture in the web-environment gives rise to a kind of ethno-Renaissance (with the elements of ethno-competition). The Internet offers a convenient platform for the evolution of ethnicity at the expense of the individual ethno-projects. The described herein cases of the Nagaibak and the Germans demonstrate that the intensive cyber-activity is characteristic for the people who left their native regions and are trying to compensate for their real-life remoteness from them with the virtual activity. These people, estranged from their native communities, sometimes even play the role of the apparent ethnicity leaders, acting however not in the “distant emigration”, but in the momentarily and in a neighborly way accessible Web-environment.
Keywords cyber-ethnicity, web-ethnography, space of communication, identity, Nagaibaks, Russian Germans
References

 Ackermann A. [The virtual universe of identity. Reflections on an ethnology of cyberspace]. Die offenen Grenzen der Ethnologie. Schlaglichter auf ein sich wandeln des Fach [The open boundaries of ethnology. Turn lights on the tray]. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Otto Lembeck, 2000, pp. 276–290. (in German).

Bahl A. Zwischen On- und Offline. Identität und Selbstdarstellung im Internet [Between online and offline. Identity and self-presentation on the Internet]. München: KoPäd Verlag, 1997, 144 p. (in German).

Belorussova S. Yu. [Trajectory of Nagaibak’s ethnicity]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University], 2015, no. 24 (379), pp. 17–24. (in Russ.).

Diamandaki K. Virtual ethnicity and digital diasporas: Identity construction in cyberspace. Global Media Journal, 2003, no. 2, pp. 3–14. (in English).

Dominguez D., Beaulieu A., Estalella A., Gómez E., Schnettler B., Read R. [Virtuelle Ethnografie]. Availaible at: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/ (accessed: 22.11.2017). (in French).

Döring N. [Identity + Internet = virtual identity?]. Forum Medienethik, 2000, no. 2, pp. 65–75. (in English).

Eriksen T. H. Nations in Cyberspace. 2007. Availaible at: http://tamilnation.co/ selfdetermination/nation/erikson.htm (accessed: 30.12.2017). (in English).

Geertz C. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973, 470 p. (in English).

Golovnev A. V. [Ural ethno-dialogues]. Ural’skij istoriceski vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2013, no. 2 (39), pp. 4–15. (in Russ.).

Golovnev A. V., Perevalova E. V., Belorussova S. Yu., Kisser T. S. [Ethnoproject, or ethnicity personalization (based on materials of the Ural EthnoExpedition)]. Ural’skij istoriceski vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2016, no. 4 (53), pp. 142–148. (in Russ.).

Heidemann F. [Ñyber-ethnology]. Ethnologie. Eine Einführung [Ethnology. An introduction]. Göttingen: Verlag UTB, 2011, pp. 262–265. (in German).

Hine C. Ethnography for the Internet: Embedded, Embodied and Every day. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015, 240 p. (in English).

Hosseini B. S. An Ethnography of a Community’s Re-appropriation of Yārsān in Cyberspace: The Facebook Phenomenon. Availaible at: https://www.jrmdc.com/journal/article/view/115 (accessed: 30.12.2017). (in English).

Jacob K. The Kurdish diaspora’s use of Facebook in shaping a nation: “Facebook is my second home”. Master’s thesis. Bergen. University of Bergen, 2013. (in English).

Knoblauch H. [Focused ethnography as part of a sociological ethnography. To clarify some misunderstandings]. Sozialer Sinn [Social sense], 2001, no. 3 (1), pp. 129–135. (in German).

Martens O. K. [Russian Germans in a single information space]. BIZ-Bote [BIZ-Bote], 2013, no. 3, pp. 18–23. (in Russ.).

Müller C. [Online Communities in Internet]. Sozialwissenschaften und Berufspraxis [Social sciences and professional practice], 2002, no. 4 (25), pp. 353–364. (in German).

Nikitina E. V. [Ethnic processes in the global information space]. Informatsionnoe obshchestvo [Information society], 2014, no. 5/6, pp. 77–83. (in Russ.).

Nora P. [Between memory and history. Memorial place]. Representation, 1989, no. 26, pp. 7–25. (in French).

Nuermaimaiti R. Identity Construction Online: The use of Facebook by the Uyghur diaspora. Availaible at: http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/ bitstream/handle/10652/2477/Reziwanguli% 20Nuermaimaiti% 201363852.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed: 30.12.2017). (in English).

Panos D. “I” on the Web: Social Penetration Theory Revisited. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014, no. 19 (5), pp. 185–205. (in English).

Poster M. Virtual Ethnicity: Tribal Identity in an Age of Global Communications. CyberSociety 2.0. Revisiting Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998, ð. 184–211. (in English).

Pozhidaeva M. A. [Internet technologies as a means of diaspora communication]. Idei i idealy [Ideas and Ideals], 2016, no. 1 (27), vol. 2, pp. 22–29. (in Russ.).

Rheingold H. Virtuelle Gemeinschaft. Soziale Bezeihungen im Zeitalter des Computers [Virtual Community. Social relations in the age of the computer]. Bonn: Addison-Wesley, 1994, 392 ð. (in German).

Rötzer F. [Interaction — the end of conventional mass media]. Medien und Öff entlichkeit. Positionierungen, Symptome, Simulationsbrüche [Media and public. Positioning, symptoms, simulation breaks]. München: Boer, 1996, s. 119–134. (in German).

Sade-Beck L. Internet Ethnography: Online and Offl ine. Availaible at: https://journals.library. ualberta.ca/tc/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4472/3597 (accessed: 30.12.2017). (in English).

Smirnova T. B. [25th anniversary of the International Union of German Culture]. Ezhegodnik Mezhdunarodnoy assotsiatsii issledovateley istorii i kultury rossiyskikh nemtsev [Yearbook of the International Association of Researchers of the History and Culture of Russian Germans], 2016, no. 2, pp. 8–17. (in Russ.).

Smirnova T. B., Kisser T. S. [Russian Germans diversity]. Ural’skij istoriceski vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2017, no. 2 (55), pp. 44–53. (in Russ.).

Strübing J. [Webnografie? The methodological prerequisites for ethnographic research on the Internet]. Availaible at: http://www.unituebingen.de/fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/ Fakultaeten/SozialVerhalten/ Institut_fuer_Soziologie/Dokumente/ Pdf_Dateien/Struebing/JS_2004_Webnographie.pdf (accessed: 20.11.2017). (in German).

Triastuti E., Rakhmani I. Cyber taman mini indonesiaindah: Ethnicity and imagination in blogging culture. Internetworking Indonesia Journal, 2011, no. 3 (2), pp. 5–13. (in English).

 
Download in PDF