Issue 1 (58)
| COMMON AND SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SACRED PLACES SITUATED IN THE URALS AND THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN THE MEDIEVAL TIMES | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2018 | Number | 1(58) |
| Pages | 109-117 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 904(470.4/.5) | BBK | 63.444(235.55) |
| Authors | Shutova Nadezhda I. |
Topic | HISTORICAL AND CULTURE HERITAGE |
| Summary | The paper analyzes the results of studying (articles, dissertations, monographs) on the cult sites of the Urals and the Middle Volga region in the Middle Ages. It allows to reveal the common and special features of sacred places and myth-ritual practices of the population in such areas as the Kama-Vyatka and the Vyatka-Vetluga interfluves, the Middle Volga, Upper and Middle Kama regions, the Northern and Middle Urals, and Vaygach Island. Locating at outstanding points of a local landscape, traces of fire using, findings of calcined, burned and raw bones, animals’ skulls and legs, as well as fragments of offerings are the common features of the cult monuments. The peculiarity of each sanctuary is manifested (shown) in its topography, form and structure, and in the character of sacrificial gifts. The classification of medieval sanctuaries is based on their public meaning (social significance). The topography of the monument, its connection with the settlement, and functional purpose is taken into account. Two extensive regions were identified according to religious practices and peculiarity of beliefs. The peculiarity of sacred places of the population lived at the East European plain is the indiscernible traces of rituals (hearth, pits, calcined and burned animal bones), the lack of cult plates, and using ordinary things as offerings to divine beings. Characteristic features of the sacred places of the peoples lived in the mountain-forest zone of the Urals are the findings of skulls and leg, other parts of wild animals and birds, sometimes traces of human sacrifices, cult plates, amulets and idols, various offerings. The sanctuaries of the Upper and Middle Kama region are occupied intermediate position between two ones as the East European and Urals zones. The sacred places were noticed to be visited by different groups of population regardless of their ethnic and confessional affiliation. Religious traditions of the ancient and medieval times have been preserved in the beliefs and rituals of the Finno-Ugric peoples living in these regions nowadays. | ||
| Keywords | sanctuaries, the Kama-Vyatka region, the Kama region, the Urals, the Middle Volga region, Middle Ages, ritual, beliefs, public meaning, common and special | ||
| References |
Bagin A. L. Srednevekovye svyatilishcha Yevropeyskogo Severo-Vostoka VI–XIV vv. Aftoref. dis. kand. [Medieval sanctuaries of the European North-East 6th–14th centuries. Abst. cand. diss.]. Syktyvkar, 2000, 15 p. (in Russ.). Baryshev I. B. Yazycheskie svyatilishcha ostrova Vaygach [Pagan sanctuaries of the island of Vaigach]. Moscow: Institut Naslediya Publ., 2011, 320 p. (in Russ.). Efremova D. Yu. [Typology of Cult sites of the Mari in the Middle Ages]. Finno-ugrovedenie [Finno-Ugric Studies], 2006, no. 1, pp. 35–51. (in Russ.). Efremova D. Yu. Kultovye pamyatniki mariytsev VI–XIX vv. (po arkheologicheskim materialam). Kand. dis. [Cult sites of the Mari of the 6th–19th centuries. (on archaeological materials). Cand. diss.]. Kazan, 2005, 253 p. (in Russ.). Goldina R. D. [The sacrificial place of Chumoitlo in Southern Udmurtia]. Problemy izucheniya drevney istorii Udmurtii [Problems of studying the ancient history of Udmurtia]. Izhevsk, 1987, pp. 84–106. (in Russ.). Istomina T. V. [Medieval ritual complex Lek-Izhman II on the river Izhma]. Severnoe Priurale v epokhu kamnya i metalla [Northern cis-Urals in the Age of Stone and Metal]. Syktyvkar: Komi NTs UrO RAN Publ., 1998, pp. 112–120. (in Russ.). Izosimov D. A. Kultovye pamyatniki naseleniya gorno-lesnoy polosy Srednego Preduralya. Kand. dis. [Cult sites of the population of the mountain forest zone of the Middle Urals. Cand. diss.]. Ekaterinburg, 2007, 194 p. (in Russ.). Korolev K. S. Naselenie Sredney Vychegdy v drevnosti i srednevekove [The population of Middle Vychegda in Antiquity and the Middle Ages]. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN Publ., 1997, 196 p. (in Russ.). Kultovye pamyatniki gorno-lesnogo Urala [Cult sites of archaeology of the mountain-forest Urals]. Ekaterinburg: UrO RAN Publ., 2004, 431 p. (in Russ.). Lepikhin A. N. Kostishcha glyadenovskoy kultury v Srednem i Verkhnem Prikame [Bone heap Gliadenovo culture in the Middle and Upper Kama region]. Moscow: Tipografiya kuptsa Tarasova Publ., 2007, 224 p. (in Russ.). Melnichuk A. F., Korchagin P. A. [The newest study of ancient Iskora]. Nyrob. Cherdyn. Rossiya: Istoricheskoe prostranstvo i kulturnoe nasledie [Nyrob. Cherdyn. Russia: Historical space and cultural heritage]. Cherdyn: Publ., 2003, pp. 22–30. (in Russ.). Murygin A. M. [Archaeology sites of the late Iron Age of the forest and tundra bands of the Pechora Urals]. Arkheologiya Respubliki Komi [Archaeology of the Komi Republic]. Moscow: DiK Publ., 1997, pp. 478–560. (in Russ.). Murygin A. M. [Medieval sanctuaries of the Pechora cis-Urals]. Polevoy simpozium “Svyatilishcha i zhertvennye mesta finno-ugorskogo naseleniya Yevrazii” [Field Symposium “Sanctuaries and sacrificial places of the Finno-Ugric population of Eurasia”]. Perm: Publ., 1996, pp. 61–64. (in Russ.). Murygin A. M. Pechorskoe Priurale: epokha srednevekovya [Pechora Pre-Urals: the Middle Ages]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1992, 182 p. (in Russ.). Oborin V. A. Zaselenie i osvoenie Urala v kontse XI — nachale XVII veka [Population and development of the Urals in the late 11th — early 17th century]. Irkutsk: IGU Publ., 1990, 168 p. (in Russ.). Rudenko K. A. [Bulgarian sanctuaries of the Middle Ages 11th–14th centuries. (on archaeological materials)]. Kultovye pamyatniki Kamsko-Vyatskogo regiona: materialy i issledovaniya [Cult sites of archaeology of the Kama-Vyatka Region: materials and research]. Izhevsk: UIIYaL UrO RAN Publ., 2004, pp. 36–66. (in Russ.). Serikov Yu. B. Peshchernye svyatilishcha reki Chusovoy [Cave sanctuaries of the Chusovoy river]. Nizhny Tagil: NTGSPA Publ., 2009, 368 p. (in Russ.). Serikov Yu. B. Shaytanskoe ozero — svyashchennoe ozero drevnosti [Shaitan Lake is a sacred lake of antiquity]. Nizhny Tagil: NTGSPA Publ., 2013, 408 p. (in Russ.). Shorin A. F. [Koksharovsky Kholm — a new type of cultural complexes of Northern Eurasia]. Obrazy i sakralnoe prostranstvo drevnikh epoch [Images and sacred space of ancient ages]. Ekaterinburg: Akva-press Publ., 2003, pp. 87–102. (in Russ.). Shorin A. F., Zykov A. P., Vilisov E. V. [Medieval assemblage from Koksharovsky Kholm (Middle Trans-Urals)]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology], 2013, no. 1, pp. 119–129. (in Russ.). Shutova N. I. Dokhristianskie kultovye pamyatniki v udmurtskoy religioznoy traditsii: opyt kompleksnogo issledovaniya [Pre-Christian religious worship monuments in the Udmurt religious tradition: the probes on complex studies]. Izhevsk: UIIYaL UrO RAN Publ., 2001, 304 p. (in Russ.). Shutova N. I. [Medieval sanctuaries of the Kama-Vyatka region: identification experience]. Vostochnaya Evropa v Srednevekove [Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2004, 129–137 pp. (in Russ.). Shutova N. I., Kapitonov V. I., Kirillova L. E., Ostanina T. I. Istoriko-kulturnyy landshaft Kamsko-Vyatskogo regiona [Historical and cultural landscape of the Kama-Vyatka region]. Izhevsk: UIIYaL UrO RAN Publ., 2009, 244 p. (in Russ.). Svirin K. M. Yazycheskie svyatilishcha lesnoy polosy Vostochnoy Yevropy VI–XIII vv. Aftoref. dis. kand. [Pagan sanctuaries of the forest zone of Eastern Europe of the 6th–13th centuries. Abst. cand. diss.]. Moscow, 2006, 22 p. (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
