Issue 2 (59)
| THE ENERGY CHALLENGE FOR IMPERIAL RUSSIA | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2018 | Number | 2(59) |
| Pages | 6-12 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 94(470) | BBK | 63.3(2) |
| Authors | Alekseev Veniamin V. |
Topic | GREAT CHALLENGES IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA |
| Summary | The article dwells on the cardinal challenge that Russian Empire faced in the time of its transition from traditional society to industrial modernity. This challenge engaged the replacement of the engines based on the waterpower by steam engines, which turned to be an innovation of fundamental importance for domestic modernization. The energy of water wheels, combined with the muscular efforts of the serf workers and domestic animals, ensured the development of the Russian economy at the equal level with the countries of the feudal time Europe, but by the epoch of the industrial revolution based on steam engines, Russia has been significantly lagging behind. The technological factor became one of the crucial prerequisites for the abolition of serfdom and shaping of new production relations connected with the transition from manufactory to factory, the emergence of large plants, railways, sea and river fleets based on steam energy, appearance of cities and workers’ settlements, market and banking sectors of the country. The article traces a long and painful process of the waterpower engine replacement with a steam engine that ensued diverse social and economic consequences. The author concludes that the cardinal energy challenge of the advancing industrial civilization did not receive a timely and proper response from the ruling elite of the empire and led to the catastrophe of the early 20th century. | ||
| Keywords | water engines, steam engines, industrial civilization, industrial revolution, technologi¬cal factor, energy challenge, level of industrialization, modernization | ||
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