Issue 3 (60)
| THE ORIENT: CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY (ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECT) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2018 | Number | 3(60) |
| Pages | 126-132 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 94(3) | BBK | 63.3(0)31 |
| Authors | Bocharov Victor V. |
Topic | HISTORICAL MOSAIC |
| Summary | The paper deals with the problem of social solidarity in the Orient which represents a universal challenge for the states of the region. The “Orient” is not a geographic notion but rather a region with the identical socio-cultural characteristics in many respects different from the Occident. The differences are a product of the specifics of the evolution dependent mostly on either the internal factors (the Occident), or external (the Orient), i. e. owing to the influence of the borrowed western institutes (cultures). The “traditional society” has been taken as the starting point for the social development of both the Orient and the Occident. Social solidarity in the oriental states is built around the charismatic authority. Charisma was always inherently present within the structure of the “power vertical” which originated already at the chiefdom stage and maintained its basic characteristics throughout entire history. The charisma of a chief was designed by means of the “power of tradition” tools which supported the potestary relations within the primary society and appealed to the irrational levels of the human mind. The most stable political regimes of the Orient were built by the leaders, whose charisma was based on the “archaic” behavioral models. The “abnormal behavior” defining the charisma determined the innovative potential of authority, the capability of the leader to overcome the conservatism of the general population. That is why it was the authority of the leader (the “heroes”) that was the source of all social and political changes during the age of tradition. Authoritative leadership plays a similar role in the process of modernization of the Orient supporting the social solidarity necessary for the sustainable development (modernization) of the nation. | ||
| Keywords | the East, West, a traditional society, public solidarity, the power, charisma, anomaly | ||
| References |
Bocharov V. V. [Customary property law and the “criminal state” in Russia: an attempt at juridico-anthropological analysis]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial’noy antropologii [Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 2004, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 173–199. (in Russ.). Bocharov V. V. [Intellectuals and violence]. Antropologiya nasiliya [Violence anthropology]. Saint Petersburg: Nauka Publ., 2001, pp. 39–87. (in Russ.). Bocharov V. V. [Power and Taboo: On the Cultural-Psychological Sources of Traditionalism]. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya [Cultural-Historical Psychology], 2017, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 109–117. (in Russ.). Bocharov V. V. [Society and culture in the evolutionary process]. Antropologicheskij forum [Forum for Anthropology and Culture], 2011, no. 14, pp. 272–283. (in Russ.). Bocharov V. V. [Traditionalism of the East as “forced solidarity” (anthropological approach)]. Vlast’ i nasiliye v nezapadnykh obshchestvakh. Problemy teoreticheskogo osmysleniya i opyt prakticheskogo izucheniya [Power and violence in non-western societies. Problems of theoretical comprehension and experience of practical study]. Moscow: GBPOU Publ., 2016, pp. 738–749. (in Russ.). Bocharov V. V. Vlast’. Traditsii. Upravleniye. Popytka etnoistoricheskogo analiza politicheskikh kul’tur sovremennykh gosudarstv Tropicheskoy Afriki [Power. Traditions. Management. An attempt to ethnohis torical analysis of political cultures of the modern states of Tropical Africa]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1992, 294 p. (in Russ.). Brayant A. Zulusskiy narod do prikhoda evropeytsev [Zulu people before the arrival of Europeans]. Moscow: Izd-vo inostran. lit-ry Publ., 1953, 434 p. (in Russ.). Durkheim E. O razdelenii obshchestvennogo truda [On the division of social labor]. Moscow: Kanon Publ., 1996, 432 p. (in Russ.). Kostyukhin E. A. Aleksandr Makedonskiy v fol’klornoy i literaturnoy traditsii. Seriya: Issledovaniya po fol’kloru i mifologii Vostoka [Alexander of Macedon in folklore and literary tradition. Series: Studies on folklore and the mythology of the East]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1972, 192 p. (in Russ.). Kradin N. N. [Chiefdom according to Archaeology and Ethnology]. Antropologiya vlasti. Khrestomatiya po politicheskoy antropologii [Anthropology of Power. Reader on political anthropology]. Saint Petersburg: SPbGU Publ., 2007, vol. 2, pp. 393–411. (in Russ.). Pantsov A. V. Mao Tszedun [Mao Tse-Tung]. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya Publ., 2012, 867 p. (in Russ.). Potestarnost’: Genezis i evolyutsiya [Potestarian: genesis and evolution]. Saint Petersburg: MAE RAN Publ., 1997, 214 p. (in Russ.). Pye L., Pye M. Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimension of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, 414 š. (in English). Russel B. Power: A New Social Analysis. London, 1985, 328 p. (in English). Solovyeva O. A. [Ceremonial symbols of traditional authority and political socialization: Emirate of Bukhara (19th — beginning of 20th century)]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial’noy antropologii [Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 2001, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 103–115. (in Russ.). [The fight against corruption: the Singapore version]. Available at: https://www.politforums.net/eng/ world/1426787057.html#lastpost (accessed: 22.05.2018). (in Russ.). Tishkov V. A. Obshchestvo v vooruzhennom konflikte. Etnografiya chechenskoy voyny [Society in the armed conflict. Ethnography of the Chechen war]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2001, 532 p. (in Russ.). Vvedeniye v vostokovedeniye [Introduction to Oriental Studies]. Saint Petersburg: KARO Publ., 2011, 584 p. (in Russ.). Vygotsky L. S. Sobraniye sochineniy: v 6 tomakh [Collection of works: in 6 vol.]. Moscow: Pedagogika Publ., 1982, vol. 2, 483 p. (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
