Issue 1 (62)
| A “THROUGHˮ CASTING METHOD IN THE SEIMA-TURBINO METALWORKING TRADITION (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE KROTOVO CULTURE) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2019 | Number | 1(62) |
| Pages | 48-54 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 903.05(571.1) | BBK | 63.442.6(253.3) |
| Authors | Molodin Vyacheslav I. Durakov Igor A. |
Topic | ARCHAEOLOGY OF LIFESTYLE |
| Summary | The article presents the results of studying a “throughˮ bronze casting technology, which is characteristic of the Seima-Turbino metalworking tradition. Particularly indicative are the Krotovo culture complexes located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, where unharmed casting molds for various Seima-Turbino-type objects (celts, spearheads, daggers, etc.) were found. All these molds had a through working chamber, either open from the bottom or equipped with a slot-like air drain. This technological method had been formed in the process of using stone molds in combination with the simplest low-temperature smelting facilities. It allowed to take through special channels the air and founding gases out of the mold chamber. This reduced the likelihood of some casting defects typical for low-temperature casting: blowholes, porosity, misruns and cold laps. A reasonable assumption is made that a “throughˮ casting technology has been the earliest in the production of the Seima-Turbino objects and, probably, originated it. Its impact on the formation of some items of Seima-Turbino appearance (spears, curved daggers, etc.) is traced. The analysis of Samus’-Kizhirovo and late Krotovo materials enables tracing the preservation of this tradition in the subsequent period of the Western Siberia Bronze Age. | ||
| Keywords | Irtysh region, Krotovo culture, Seima-Turbino bronzes, «through» casting technology | ||
| References |
Atlas liteynykh porokov [Atlas of casting defects]. Moscow: Tsentral’noye byuro tekhnicheskoy informatsii Publ., 1957, vol. 1, 194 p. (in Russ.). Bader O. N. Basseyn Oki v epokhu bronzy [The Oka basin in the Bronze Age]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1970, 176 p. (in Russ.). Bader O. N. Drevneyshiye metallurgi Priural’ya [Ancient metallurgists of the Cis-Urals]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1964, 180 p. (in Russ.). Chernykh E. N., Kuzminykh S. V. Drevnyaya metallurgiya Severnoy Evrazii (seyminsko-turbinskiy fenomen) [Ancient metallurgy of Northern Eurasia (Seima-Turbino phenomenon)]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1989, 320 p. (in Russ.). Coghlan H. H. Note on prehistoric casting Moulds. Bulletin of the Historical Metallurgy Group, 1968, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 9–16. (in English). Kondratyev O. M. [Excavations of the settlement of the Early Bronze Age Chernoozer’ye VI in 1970]. Iz istorii Sibiri [From the history of Siberia]. Tomsk: TGU Publ., 1974, iss. 15, pp. 17–19. (in Russ.). Kovtun I. V. [The problem of relationship between Eluninsky and Seima-Turbino bronzes]. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Vestnik of Kuzbass State Technical University], 2005, no. 3 (47), pp. 126–131. (in Russ.). Kuzminykh S. V. [Main stages in the metalworking development in Western Siberia during the Early Metal period and the Early Iron Age (copper and bronze)]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University], 2015, vol. 6, no. 2 (62), pp. 68–71. (in Russ.). Matyuschenko V. I., Sinitsyna G. V. Mogil’nik u derevni Rostovka vblizi Omska [Burial ground near the village of Rostovka not far from Omsk]. Tomsk: TGU Publ., 1988, 135 p. (in Russ.). Matyushchenko V. I. [On the question of the Bronze Age in the lower Tom river region]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet archaeology], 1959, no. 4, pp. 154–165. (in Russ.). Mei J. Early metallurgy in China: some challenging issues in current studies. Metallurgy and Civilisation: Eurasia and Beyond. London: Archetype Publ. Ltd., 2009, pp. 9–16. (in English). Molodin V. I. [Seima-Turbino bronzes in “closed” complexes of the Odin culture (Barabinsk forest-steppe)]. Fundamental’nyye problemy arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii. [Fundamental problems of archaeology, anthropology and ethnography]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN Publ., 2013, pp. 309–324. (in Russ.). Molodin V. I., Durakov I. A., Mylnikova L. N., Nesterova M. S. [Krotovo’s culture production complex on the settlement Vengerovo-2 (the Barabinsk forest-steppe)]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya [Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology], 2012, vol. 11, iss. 5, pp. 104–119. (in Russ.). Molodin V. I., Durakov I. A., Mylnikova L. N., Nesterova M. S. [The Adaptation of the Seima-Turbino tradition to the Bronze Age cultures in the South of the West Siberian Plain]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia], 2018, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 49–58. (in Russ.). Molodin V. I., Grishin A. E. Pamyatnik Sopka-2 na reke Omi. Kul’turno-khronologicheskiy analiz pogrebal’nykh kompleksov krotovskoy kul’tury [Archaeological site of Sopka-2 on the Om river. Cultural and chronological analysis of the Krotovo culture burial complexes]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN Publ., 2016, vol. 4, 451 p. (in Russ.). Molodin V. I., Komissarov S. A., Wang Peng. [Bronze spearheads of Seima-Turbino type from China]. V (XXI) Vserossiyskiy arkheologicheskiy sezd [5th (21st) All-Russian Archaeological Congress]. Barnaul: AltGU Publ., 2017, pp. 715–716. (in Russ.). Stefanova N. K. [Krotovo culture in the Middle Irtysh]. Material’naya kul’tura drevnego naseleniya Urala i Zapadnoy Sibiri (Voprosy arkheologii Urala) [Material culture of the ancient population of the Urals and Western Siberia (Questions of Archaeology of the Urals)]. Sverdlovsk: UrGU Publ., 1988, iss. 19, pp. 53–75. (in Russ.). Tikhonov B. G. [Metal products of the Bronze Age in the Middle Urals and the Cis-Urals]. Ocherki po istorii proizvodstva v Priural’ye i Yuzhnoy Sibiri v epokhu bronzy i rannego zheleza (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR) [Essays on the history of production in the Cis-Urals and Southern Siberia in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (Materials and research on archaeology of the USSR)]. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR Publ., 1960, no. 90, pp. 5–115. (in Russ.). Wagner M. Kaune-ein Fundkomplex des 2 Jahrtausends v.Chr. am Nordwestrand des chinesischen Zentralreichers [Kaune — a complex of the 2nd millennium BC on the northwest edge of the Chinese Central Kingdom]. Migration und Kulturtransfer. Der Wandel vorder-und zentralasiatischer Kulturen im Umbruch vom 2. zum. 1. vorchristlichen Jahrtausend. Kolloquien zur Vor-und Frühgeschichte 6 [ Migration and cultural transfer. The change of anterior and central Asian cultures in transition from the 2nd to the 1st millennium BC. Colloquia on prehistory and early history 6]. Bonn: Habelt, 2001, pp. 25–35. (in German). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
