Issue 3 (64)
| WOMEN OF NAZI GERMANY IN THE MIRROR OF THE SOVIET CARICATURES (on the materials of the “Crocodile” magazine) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2019 | Number | 3(64) |
| Pages | 84-92 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 94(470+430)“1941/1945ˮ | BBK | 63.3 |
| Authors | Riabov Oleg V. |
Topic | THE MILITARY CONFLICTS OF THE MORDEN AND CONTEMPORARY HISTORY IN THE OPTICS OF THE COMICAL |
| Summary | The article deals with analysis of the images of the Nazi Germany women created by the Soviet propaganda during the Great Patriotic War by means of satirical graphics. The base of the research is the caricatures published in the “Crocodile” magazine in June 1941 — May 1945. The author demonstrates that the comic images of the German women were considered as an important part of forming the enemy image and effective weapon of war propaganda. The “Crocodileˮ’s representations of the German women were ambivalent. On the one hand, the magazine represented them as victims of the Nazi regime that deemed to be misogynous in its essence. On the other, forming the image of total otherness of the Nazi Germany, the caricaturists assigned responsibility for the Nazi crimes at least to a part of female population. The negative image of the German women was produced as an antipode of the Soviet woman. That is why, apart from typical for war propaganda representations of the enemy women as deviating from the canons of traditional womanhood, the German women were attributed with the characteristics that juxtaposed them to the ideal of the Soviet woman: the lack of self-esteem, courage, and intellect. The German women were endowed with cruelty, the lack of compassion, greediness, egoism, inability to love, cowardice, and profligacy; the poverty of their worldview in which anti-Communist and racist prejudices dominated was emphasized. The specific feature of the “Crocodile” representations of these traits was that they became the object of not only condemning but mocking as well. | ||
| Keywords | enemy image, German women image, Great Patriotic War, imagology, propaganda, caricature, satirical magazine “Crocodile” | ||
| References |
Aho J. A. This Thing of Darkness: A Sociology of the Enemy. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994, 224 p. (in English). Attwood L. Creating the new Soviet woman: women’s magazines as engineers of female identity, 1922–1953. London: Palgrave, 1999, 220 p. (in English). Beevor A. Berlin. The Downfall 1945. London: Viking Press, 2002, 528 p. (in English). Blom I. Gender and Nation in International Comparison. Gendered Nations: Nationalisms and Gender Order in the Long Nineteenth Century. Oxford; New York: Berg, 2000, pp. 3–26. (in English). Bonnell V. E. Iconography of Power: Soviet Political Posters under Lenin and Stalin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997, 385 p. (in English). Ehrenburg I., Zaslavsky D., Marshak S., Zoshchenko M. [Satire and humor in the days of the Great Patriotic War]. Voprosy literatury [Studies in literature], 1985, no. 5, pp. 228–243. (in Russ.). Enloe C. H. The Morning after: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 261 p. (in English). Gailite G. [Bear and Latvia: Images of the Latvian-Russian relations in caricature]. Labirint. Zhurnal sotsial’no-gumanitarnykh issledovaniy [Labyrinth. Journal of Philosophy and Social Sciences], 2013, no. 4, pp. 29–40. (in Russ.). Gebhardt M. Crimes Unspoken: The Rape of German Women at the End of the Second World War. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2017, 252 p. (in English). Harle V. The Enemy with a Thousand Faces: The Tradition of the Other in Western Political Thought and History. Westport: Praeger, 2000, 232 p. (in English). Keen S. Faces of the Enemy: Reflections of the Hostile Imagination. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1986, 199 p. (in English). Lazari A. de, Riabov O., Zakowska M. The Russian Bear and the Revolution: The Bear Metaphor for Russia in Political Caricatures of 1917–1918. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Iskusstvovedenie [Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts], 2019, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 325–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2019.206 (in English). MacDonogh G. After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books, 2009, 656 p. (in English). Milne L. Laughter and War: Humorous-Satirical Magazines in Britain, France, Germany and Russia. 1914–1918. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, 292 p. (in English). Moyle L. Drawing conclusions: An imagological survey of Britain and the British and Germany and the Germans in German and British cartoons and caricatures, 1945–2000: Doc. Diss. Univ. Osnabrück, 2004, 336 p. (in English). Naimark N. M. The Russians and Germans: Rape during the War and Post-Soviet Memories. Rape in Wartime. Genders and Sexualities in History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp. 201–219. (in English). Ogarkova E. V. [“Us” and “them” in the Laughter culture during Wartime]. Preodolenie proshlogo v Germanii i Rossii: opyt i uroki na budushchee (pamiati professora A. I. Borozniaka). Materialy konf. 16–17 fevralya 2017 g. [Overcoming the past in Germany and Russia: experience and lessons for the future (in memory of Prof. A. I. Boroznyak). Proceeding of the Conf. February 16–17, 2017]. Lipetsk: LGPU Publ., 2017, pp. 130–138. (in Russ.). Pisiotis A. K. Images of Hate in the Art of War. Culture and Entertainment in Wartime Russia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 141–156. (in English). Porshneva O. Image of the German enemy as perceived by Russian army soldiers during World War I. Quaestio Rossica, 2014, no. 1, pp. 79–93. (in English). Riabov O. Gendering the American Enemy in Early Cold War Soviet Films (1946–1953). Journal of Cold War Studies, 2017, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 193–219. DOI: 10.1162/JCWS_a_00722 (in English). Riabova T., Riabov O. The “Rape of Europe”: 2016 New Year’s Eve sexual assaults in Cologne in hegemonic discourse of Russian media. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2019, vol. 52, iss. 2, pp. 145–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.04.004 (in English). Senyavskaya E. S. Osvoboditel’naia missiia Krasnoi Armii v kontekste informatsionnoi voiny [The Red Army liberation mission in the context of information war]. Available at: http://www.kurginyan.ru/clubs.shtml?cat=60&id=455 (accessed: 20.05.2019). (in Russ.). Senyavskaya E. S. Protivniki Rossii v voynakh XX veka: Evolyutsiya “obraza vraga” v soznanii armii i obshchestva [Russia’s opponents in the wars of the 20th century: The evolution of the “enemy image” in the minds of the army and society]. Moscow: ROSSPEN Publ., 2006, 288 p. (in Russ.). Streicher L. H. On a Theory of Political Caricature. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1967, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 427–445. (in English). Svetlov V. I. Brak i sem’ya pri sotsializme i kapitalizme [Marriage and Family Under Socialism and Capitalism]. Moscow: Sotsekgiz Publ., 1939, 152 p. (in Russ.). Vipper B. R. Vvedenie v istoricheskoe izuchenie iskusstva [Introduction to Historical Studying of Art]. Moscow: Izobrazitel’noe iskusstvo Publ., 1985, 288 p. (in Russ.). Washik K. [Metamorphosis of evil: German-Russian images of the enemy in the poster propaganda of the 30–50s]. Obraz vraga [The image of the enemy]. Moscow: OGI Publ., 2005, pp. 191–229. (in Russ.). Yuval-Davis N. Gender and Nation. London: Sage Publications, 1997, 157 p. (in English). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
