Issue 3 (68)

THE EXTREME AT THE CROSSROADS: PHILOSOPHY — HISTORY — LITERATURE
Year 2020 Number 3(68)
Pages 55-60 Type scientific article
UDC 122:821.0 BBK 87+80
Authors Mnich Roman
Topic DISCOURSE OF THE EXTREME IN LITERATURE AND ART
Summary The article is devoted to the analysis of the extreme as a notion in philosophy, history and literature, as well as the possibilities of delimiting this notion in different areas of humanities. As a concept (metaphor or way of figurative thinking), the extreme begins its functioning in the philosophy of F. Nietzsche, although it has been present in European culture from antiquity. Already in mythology, the extreme was associated with a sense of fear and a state of madness, which was reflected in Aristotle’s “Rhetoric” and studies on the Dionysian mysteries. In history and literary plots, the extreme is also present in situations of scandal, which changes the usual course of history or is the climax of a plot of a literary work. Moreover, the extreme in history is primarily a marker of the end of an old or the beginning of a new historical era. In the 20th century, the extreme as a characteristic of human being (fear par excellence) became the object of interpretation by M. Heidegger in his book “Being and Time”. Image of fear, expressing borderline, extreme situations is also characteristic of literature, for example, A. Akhmatova’s poetry. But if M. Heidegger’s interpretation primarily concerns the fear of death, then the fear of life predominates in the poetry of A. Akhmatova. The extreme in the works of other Russian poets of the 20th century, for example, A. Blok, is symbolically and semantically associated with the problem of Dionysianism.
Keywords Extreme, fear, Dionysianism, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Alexandr Blok, Vyacheslav Ivanov
References

Bolz N. Ungebrochene Faszination. Neunzig Jahre >Sein und Zeit<. Freiburg; München: Verlag Karl Alber, 2019, ss. 26–42. (in German).

Dvoretskiy I. Kh. Latinsko-russkiy slovar’ [Latin-Russian Dictionary]. Moscow: Russkiy yazyk Publ., 1986. (in Russ.).

Eisler R. Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß. Berlin: Georg Olms Verlag, 1994. (in German).

Heidegger M. Sein und Zeit. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1993. (in German).

Heidegger — Handbuch. Stuttgart: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 2005. (in German).

Irrlitz G. Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk. Stuttgart: Verlag J. B. Metzler, 2010. (in German).

Ivanov Vyach. [The Hellenic religion of the suffering God]. Simvol. Zhurnal khristianskoy kul’tury [Symbol. Journal of Christian Culture]. Paris; Moscow: Institut Sv. Fomy Publ., 2014, no. 64. (in Russ.).

Ivanov Vyach. Pro et contra: antologiya: v 2 t. [Pro et contra: anthology: in 2 vols.]. Saint Petersburg: Rossiyskaya gumanitarnaya akademiya Publ., 2016, vol. 2. (in Russ.).

Lotman Yu. M. Stat’i po semiotike kul’tury i iskusstva [Articles on the semiotics of culture and art]. Saint Petersburg: “Akademicheskiy proyekt” Publ., 2002. (in Russ.).

Mnich R. Zhanrovaya evolyutsiya elegii v literature XX veka [Genre evolution of elegy in the 20th century literature]. Siedlce: Instytut Kultury Regionalnej i Badań Literackich im. Franciszka Karpińskiego Publ., 2015. (in Polish).

Perelom 1917 goda: revolyutsionnyy kontekst russkoy literatury. Issledovaniya i materialy [The turning point of 1917: the revolutionary context of Russian literature. Studies and materials]. Moscow: IMLI RAN Publ., 2017. (in Russ.).

Schelling F. W. J. Filosofiya iskusstva [Philosophy of art]. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1966. (in Russ.).

Schelling F. W. J. Sochineniya: v 2 t. [Works: in 2 vols.]. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1989, vol. 2. (in Russ.).

Semiotika bezumiya [Semiotics of madness]. Paris: Sorbonnà. Rus. in-t Publ.; Moscow: Europe Publ., 2005. (in Russ.).

Semiotika skandala [Semiotics of scandal]. Moscow: Europe Publ.; Paris: Sorbonnà. Rus. in-t Publ., 2008. (in Russ.).

Semiotika strakha [Semiotics of fear]. Paris: Sorbonnà. Rus. in-t Publ.; Moscow: Europe Publ., 2005. (in Russ.).

Shestov L. Kirgegard i ekzistentsial’naya filosofiya (Glas vopiyushchego v pustyne) [Kierkegaard and existential philosophy (A voice crying in the desert)]. Moscow: “Progress”-“Gnozis” Publ., 1992. (in Russ.).

Wörterbuch der philosophischen Metaphern. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2014. (in German).

 
Download in PDF