Issue 4 (69)
| RADIOCARBON ARGUMENTS FOR THE ABASHEVO ORIGIN OF THE SINTASHTA TRADITIONS IN THE BRONZE AGE | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2020 | Number | 4(69) |
| Pages | 51-60 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 902(470.5)“637” | BBK | 63.4(235.54+235.55) |
| Authors | Epimakhov Andrey V. |
Topic | MOBILITY IN THE BRONZE AGE |
| Summary | The article compares the chronology of some Bronze Age cultural traditions in the Volga river region and Southern Urals. The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis of oncoming migration flows of carriers of the Abashevo and Seima-Turbino traditions by determination of chronological positions for territorial groups based on the analysis of radiocarbon dates series. The groups were formed according to the cultural and territorial principle (Abashevo sites in the Volga and Ural regions, Sintashta sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals, Seima-Turbino sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals). A critical analysis and statistical verification of the reliability for the series were carried out. It made possible to abandon the use of some dates (outliers) and form intervals for all possible cases. As a result, an acute shortage of quality dating for the Pre-Urals Abashevo, Sintashta and Seima-Turbino traditions, as well as the need to check the available results for the distortion of the reservoir effect was noted. The latter was reliably diagnosed in a number of cases when the full study procedure was carried out. The earliest were the Abashevo materials of the Middle Volga and, apparently, the Seima-Turbino of Western Siberia (the last third of the 3rd millennium ñal BC). Other groups form similar intervals (end of the 21st–18th centuries cal BC). This indirectly confirms the version of two oncoming migration flows, the Urals became the zone of contact and interaction of them. The first flow is the Abashevo movement from west to east and further to south and southeast, the second one is Seima-Turbino — from east to west. Archaeological traces of the interaction are well captured, but the chronological determination of the contacts and their duration requires an increase in all series sufficient for applying statistical procedures (with the exception of the Trans-Ural Sintashta series). | ||
| Keywords | Bronze Age, Urals, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, radiocarbon dating, migration | ||
| References |
Allentoft M. E., Sikora M., Sjogren K.-G. et al. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature, 2015, iss. 522, no. 7555, pp. 167–172. DOI: 10.1038/nature14507 (in English). Anthony D. W., Vinogradov N. B. Birth of the chariot. Archaeology, 1995, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 36–41. (in English). Borzunov V. A., Stefanov V. I., Beltikova G. V., Kuzminykh S. V. [Serny Klyuch as a site of Abashevo “expedition” to the mountain forest zone of the Middle Urals]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology], 2020, no. 1, pp. 117–131. DOI: 10.31857/S086960630003392-0 (in Russ.). Bronk Ramsey C. Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates. Radiocarbon, 2009, vol. 51, iss. 1, pp. 337–360. DOI: 10.2458/azu_js_rc.51.3494 (in English). Chechushkov I. V., Molchanova V. V., Epimakhov A. V. [The absolute chronology of the Late Bronze Age settlements Kammenyi Ambar and Ust’ye I in the Southern Trans-Urals and its Bayesian analysis]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2020, no. 2 (49), pp. 5–19. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2020-49-2-1 (in Russ.). Chernyh E. N., Kuzminykh S. V., Lebedeva E. Yu., Lun’kov V. Yu. [Investigation of burial mound near Pershin village]. Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Orenburzh’ya [Archaeological sites of the Orenburg region]. Orenburg: OOO “Orenburgskaya guberniya” Publ., 2000, vol. 4, pp. 62–84. (in Russ.). Chernykh E. N., Korochkova O. N., Orlovskaya L. B. Issues in the Calendar Chronology of the Seima-Turbino Transcultural Phenomenon. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia, 2017, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 45–55. DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2017.45.2.045-055 (in English). Epimakhov A. V., Chuev N. I. [The Abashevo and Sintashta antiquities: preliminary results of spatial analysis]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2011, no. 2 (15), pp. 47–56. (in Russ.). Grigoriev S. A. [The problem of chronology and origin of the Alakul culture in light of new excavations in the Southern Urals]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2016, no. 3 (34), pp. 44–53. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2016-34-3-044-053 (in Russ.). Halyapin M. V. [New Abashevo materials from the Orenburg region]. Problemy izucheniya eneolita i bronzovogo veka Yuzhnogo Urala [Problems of studying the Eneolithic and Bronze Age of the Southern Urals]. Orsk: In-t yevraziyskikh issledovaniy, In-t stepi UrO RAN Publ., 2000, pp. 102–119. (in Russ.). Hanks B. K., Epimakhov A. V., Renfrew A. C. Towards a Refined Chronology for the Bronze Age of the Southern Urals, Russia. Antiquity, 2007, vol. 81 (312), pp. 353–367. (in English). Hanks B. K., Ventresca Miller A., Judd M. et al. Bronze Age Diet and Economy: New Stable Isotope Data from the Central Eurasian Steppes (2100–1700 BC). Journal of Archaeological Science, 2018, vol. 97, pp. 14–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.06.006 (in English). Judd M. A., Walker J., Ventresca Miller A. et al. Life in the fast lane: settled pastoralism in the Central Eurasian Steppes during the Middle Bronze Age. American Journal of Human Biology, 2018, vol. 30, iss. 4, pp. e23129. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23129 (in English). Korochkova O. N., Stefanov V. I., Spiridonov I. A. Svyatilishche pervyh metallurgov Srednego Urala [Sanctuary of the first metallurgists of the Middle Urals]. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publ., 2020. (in Russ.). Krause R., Epimakhov A. V., Kupriyanova E. V., Novikov I. K., Stolarczyk E. The Petrovka Bronze Age Sites: Issues in Taxonomy and Chronology. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia, 2019, no. 1 (47), pp. 54–63. DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.1.054-063 (in English). Kupriyanova E. V., Taskaev S. V. [A dagger from Stepnoye VII cemetery as an indicator of intercultural contacts in metalworking in the Bronze Age of the Southern Trans-Urals]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2018, no. 2 (41), pp. 17–27. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2018-41-2-017-027 (in Russ.). Kuptsova L. V., Evgen’yev A. A. [New burial complexes of the Abashevo culture in the Orenburg Cis-Urals]. Drevnosti Vostochnoy Evropy, Central’noy Azii i Yuzhnoy Sibiri v kontekste svyazey i vzaimodeystviy v evraziyskom kul’turnom prostranstve (novye dannye i koncepcii) [Antiquities of Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Southern Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts)]. Saint Petersburg: IIMK RAN, Nevskaya Tipografiya Publ., 2019, vol. 2, pp. 219–222. DOI: 10.31600/978-5-907053-35-9-219-222 (in Russ.). Kuzmina O. V. Abashevskaya kul’tura v lesostepnom Volgo-Ural’e [The Abashevo culture in the foreststeppe Volga-Urals region]. Samara: SamGPI Publ., 1992. (in Russ.). Kuzminyh S. V., Mimohod R. A. [Radiocarbon dates of the Pepkinsky Kurgan and some questions of the chronology of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture]. Vneshnie i vnutrennie svyazi stepnyh (skotovodcheskih) kul’tur Vostochnoy Evropy v eneolite i bronzovom veke (V–II tys. do n. e.) [External and internal relations of the steppe (cattle-breeding) cultures of Eastern Europe in the Eneolithic and Bronze Age (5th–2nd millennium BC)]. Saint Petersburg: IIMK RAN Publ., 2016, pp. 36–39. (in Russ.). Kuznetsov P. F., Chaplygin M. S. [New site of the Abashevo culture in the Ural region]. Drevnosti Vostochnoy Evropy, Central’noy Azii i Yuzhnoy Sibiri v kontekste svyazey i vzaimodeystviy v evraziyskom kul’turnom prostranstve (novye dannye i koncepcii) [Antiquities of Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Southern Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts)]. Saint Petersburg: IIMK RAN, Nevskaya Tipografiya Publ., 2019, vol. 2, pp. 225–229. DOI: 10.31600/978-5-907053-35-9-225-229 (in Russ.). Morgunova N. L., Evgen’yev A. A., Kryukova E. A. et al. [The burial ground Krasnikovsky I of the Bronze Age in the Orenburg region]. Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Orenburzh’ya [Archaeological sites of the Orenburg region]. Orenburg: OGPU Publ., 2019, vol. 14, pp. 4–39. (in Russ.). Morgunova N. L., Kulkova M. A. [The results of radiocarbon dating of the burial mound Krasikovsky I] Arheologicheskie pamyatniki Orenburzh’ya [Archaeological sites of the Orenburg region]. Orenburg: OGPU Publ., 2019, pp. 39–45. (in Russ.). Narasimhan V. M., Patterson N., Moorjani P. et al. The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia. Science, 2019, vol. 365 (6457), pp. eaat7487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/292581 (in English). Panyushkina I. P. [Calendar age of the kurgan group Halvay]. Shevnina I., Logvin A. Mogil’nik epokhi bronzy Khalay III v severnom Kazakhstane [Shevnina I., Logvin A. Bronze Age burial ground Halvay III in North Kazakhstan]. Astana: Filial Instituta arkheologii im. A. Kh. Margulana v g. Astana Publ., 2015, pp. 184–186. (in Russ.). Polyakov A. V., Svyatko S. V., Stepanova N. F. [The problem of radiocarbon chronology of the Afanasyevo culture and new data]. Fenomeny kul’tur rannego bronzovogo veka stepnoy i lesostepnoy polosy Evrazii: puti kul’turnogo vzaimodejstviya v V–III tys. do n. e. [Phenomena of the cultures of the Early Bronze Age of the steppe and forest-steppe zone of Eurasia: the ways of cultural interaction in the 5th–3rd millennium BC]. Orenburg: OGPU Publ., 2019, pp. 181–187. (in Russ.). Rasmussen S., Allentoft M. E., Nielsen R. et al. Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago. Cell, 2015, vol. 163, iss. 3, pp. 571–582. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.009 (in English). Reimer P., Bard E., Bayliss A. et al. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 2013, vol. 55, iss. 4, pp. 1869–1887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947 (in English). Tkachev V. V. Stepi Yuzhnogo Priuralyya i Zapadnogo Kazakhstana na rubezhe epokh sredney i pozdney bronzy [Steppes of the Southern Pre-Urals and Western Kazakhstan at the turn of the Middle and the Late Bronze Age]. Aktobe: Aktyubinskiy oblastnoy tsentr istorii, etnografii i arkheologii Publ., 2007. (in Russ.). Tkachev V. V. The Ishkinino Bronze Age Mining Complex in the Southern Urals: Radiocarbon Dating. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia, 2019, no. 47 (3), pp. 38–47. DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.038-047 (in English). Van der Pliht J., Shishlina N. I., Zazovskaya E. P. Radiouglerodnoe datirovanie: hronologiya arheologicheskih kul’tur i rezervuarnyy effekt [Radiocarbon dating: the chronology of archaeological cultures and the reservoir effect]. Moscow: PALEOGRAF Publ., 2016. (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
