Issue 1 (70)
| DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE 1946–1947 FAMINE (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE URALS) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2021 | Number | 1(70) |
| Pages | 47-59 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 94(470.5)“1946/1947” | BBK | 63.3(235.55)631 |
| Authors | Mikhalev Nikolay A. |
Topic | EPIDEMICS AND FAMINE IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA |
| Summary | The article deals with examination of the main parameters of the post-war 1946–1947 famine’s impact on the demographic sphere of the Urals. It considers the basic approaches proposed by Russian and foreign researchers to determine the level of excess mortality under conditions of the famine. Some of them were used to assess its scale in the Urals. The changes that took place in the processes of reproduction of the region’s population are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the structural analysis of mortality processes. The specifics of registration of deaths from alimentary dystrophy in the consolidated demographic forms are shown, their share in the corresponding group of causes of death is determined. The transformation of fertility processes is considered, the size of its decrease under the influence of the famine is established. The 1946–1947 famine led to an increase in mortality, it virtually interrupted a short period of post-war compensation of the population, which turned out to be insufficient and incomplete. Estimates of direct losses from the famine vary, but they all inevitably have the character of rough, tentative assumptions. On the one hand, this is due to the limitations imposed by the informative potential of the sources available to researchers today. On the other hand, the reason lies in an extraordinary nature of the very period, marked by a multitude of turbulent events that destabilized the situation, when it becomes almost impossible to find the demographic norm on which calculations should be made. | ||
| Keywords | famine of 1946–1947, demographic losses, mortality, fertility, Urals | ||
| References |
Alimentarnaya distrofiya v blokirovannom Leningrade [Alimentary dystrophy in blockaded Leningrad]. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoye izdatel’stvo meditsinskoy literatury LO Publ., 1947. (in Russ.). Andreev E. M., Darskiy L. E., Khar’kova T. L. Demograficheskaya istoriya Rossii. 1926–1959 gg. [Demographic history of Russia. 1926–1959]. Moscow: Informatika Publ., 1998. (in Russ.). Baranov E. Yu. [Research approaches to assessing the demographic damage to Russia in the 20th century]. Genesis: istoricheskiye issledovaniya [Genesis: Historical Research], 2018, no. 11, pp. 92–100. DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2018.11.27958 (in Russ.). Chernorutskiy M. V. [Alimentary dystrophy from a general medical point of view]. Raboty leningradskikh vrachey za gody Otechestvennoy voyny [Works of Leningrad medics during the Patriotic War]. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoye izdatel’stvo meditsinskoy literatury LO Publ., 1944, iss. 5, pp. 3–11. (in Russ.). Chernorutsky M. V. [The problem of alimentary dystrophy]. Raboty leningradskikh vrachey za gody Otechestvennoy voyny [Works of Leningrad medics during the year of the Patriotic War]. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoye izdatel’stvo meditsinskoy literatury LO Publ., 1943, iss. 3, pp. 3–13. (in Russ.). Dyomina Yu. V. [Demographic consequences of the 1946–1947 famine in the RSFSR: historiographic aspect]. Demograficheskaya i semeynaya politika v kontekste tseley ustoychivogo razvitiya: sbornik statey IX Ural’skogo demograficheskogo foruma [Demographic and family policy in the context of sustainable development goals: a collection of articles of the 9th Ural Demographic Forum]. Ekaterinburg: Institut ekonomiki UrO RAN Publ., 2018, vol. 2, pp. 98–102. (in Russ.). Dyomina Yu. V. [The post-war famine of 1946–1947 in modern Russian historiography]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal [Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal], 2016, no. 3 (19), pp. 65–72. (in Russ.). Ellman M. [The 1947 Soviet famine and the entitlement approach to famines]. Ekonomicheskaya istoriya: yezhegodnik [Economic history: yearbook]. Moscow: ROSSPEN Publ., 2005, pp. 320–363. (in Russ.). Filtzer D. Opasnosti gorodskoy zhizni v SSSR v period pozdnego stalinizma: zdorov’ye, gigiyena i usloviya zhizni, 1943–1953 [The hazards of urban life in late Stalinist Russia: health, hygiene, and living standards, 1943–1953]. Moscow: ROSSPEN Publ., 2018. (in Russ.). Filtzer D. Starvation mortality in soviet home-front industrial regions during World War II. Hunger and War: Food Provisioning in the Soviet Union during World War II. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana university press, 2015, pp. 265–338. (in English). Hisamutdinova R. R. [Famine of 1946–1947 in the latest historical researches (late 1980-s — 2000)]. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 2009, vol. 11, no. 6 (2), pp. 331–336. (in Russ.). Isupov V. A. Demograficheskiye katastrofy i krizisy v Rossii v pervoy polovine XX veka: istorikodemograficheskiye ocherki [Demographic disasters and crises in Russia in the first half of the 20th century: historical and demographic essays]. Novosibirsk: Sibirskiy khronograf Publ., 2000. (in Russ.). Kornilov G. E. [Demographic situation in the Ural village in the post-war years]. Naseleniye Rossii: istorikodemograficheskoye izmereniye [Population of Russia: historical and demographic dimension]. Moscow: IRI RAN Publ., 2016, pp. 196–202. (in Russ.). Kornilov G. E. Ural’skoye selo i voyna. Problemy demograficheskogo razvitiya [The Ural village and the War. Problems of demographic development]. Ekaterinburg: Uralagropress Publ., 1993. (in Russ.). Manley R. Nutritional dystrophy: the science and semantics of starvation in World War II. Hunger and War: Food Provisioning in the Soviet Union during World War II. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana university press, 2015, pp. 206–264. (in English). Naseleniye Rossii v XX veke: Istoricheskiye ocherki: v 3-kh t. [The population of Russia in the 20th century: Historical essays: in 3 vols.]. Moscow: ROSSPEN Publ., 2001, vol. 2. (in Russ.). Nikonova O. Yu. [Fight for calories: public catering and food supply in the city of Chelyabinsk after the war (1946–1947)]. Upravleniye v sovremennykh sistemakh [Management in modern systems], 2014, no. 4 (4), pp. 27–36. (in Russ.). Popov V. P. [The causes of the RSFSR population dismissal after the Great Patriotic War]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological research], 1994, no. 10, pp. 76–94. (in Russ.). Shalak A. V. [Famine in the 1940s. Assessment of the scale and social geography (on the example of Eastern Siberia)]. Irkutskiy istoriko-ekonomicheskiy yezhegodnik [Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook]. Irkutsk: BGU Publ., 2010, pp. 122–133. (in Russ.). Simonenko V. B., Magaeva S. V., Simonenko M. G., Pakhomova Yu. V. Leningradskaya blokada: Meditsinskiye problem — retrospektiva i sovremennost’ [The Leningrad Blockade: Medical Problems — Retrospective and Present times]. Moscow: Meditsina Publ., 2003. (in Russ.). Svechnikov V. A. Bolezn’ golodaniya (alimentarnaya distrofiya) [Disease of starvation (alimentary dystrophy)]. Leningrad: Izdaniye vtorogo Leningradskogo meditsinskogo instituta Publ., 1947. (in Russ.). Zairatyants O. V., Kactorski L. V., Malkov P. G. [Modern requirements for the definition of the diagnosis assording to the national low and international statistical classification of ICD-10]. Sudebnaya meditsina [Forensic Medicine], 2015, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 14–20. DOI: 10.19048/2411-8729-2015-1-4-14-20 (in Russ.). Zhiromskaya V. B. Zhiznennyy potentsial poslevoyennykh pokoleniy v Rossii: istoriko-demograficheskiy aspekt: 1946–1960 [The life potential of the post-war generations in Russia: historical and demographic aspect: 1946–1960]. Moscow: RGGU Publ., 2009. (in Russ.). Zima V. F. Golod v SSSR 1946–1947 godov: proiskhozhdeniye i posledstviya [Famine in the USSR of 1946–1947: origin and consequences]. Moscow: IRI RAN Publ., 1996. (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
