Issue 4 (77)
| ROCK ART AND LIFE IN THE SHAKHTY ROCK-SHELTER (EASTERN PAMIR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2022 | Number | 4(77) |
| Pages | 6-18 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 903.27(575.3)“633/634”:7.031.1 | BBK | 63.4-428 |
| Authors | Zotkina Lydia V. Abolonkova Irina V. Kurbanov Redzhep N. Malikov Dmitry G. Marchenko Daria V. Shnaider Svetlana V. Sayfulloev Nuritdin N. |
Topic | THE MOST ANCIENT INDUSTRIES IN NORTH ASIA: A TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT |
| Summary | The Shakhty rock-shelter is the most famous rock art site in the Eastern Pamir. It was discovered and thoroughly studied by V. A. Ranov in 1958. After a long break, the research was resumed only in 2019. The article highlights the results of the studies, which included field observations on the site and work with the V. A. Ranov’s collection, stored in the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography named after A. Donish of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan. In addition to previously discovered and described by V. A. Ranov zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images, thanks to modern methods of rock paintings analysis, several more figures were identified, details of previously known images were clarified, including important for their attribution and interpretation. Based on the new data on the site, an attempt was made to date the images. For the lithic artifacts discovered during the V. A. Ranov’s excavations in the Shakhty rock-shelter typological and use-wear analyses were carried out. Based on the diary records of V. A. Ranov, we restored the planigraphic data. The combined application of these techniques has made it possible to localize some artifacts used in various operations, as well as to relate these data to images on the wall of the rock-shelter. | ||
| Keywords | rock art, rock paintings, use-wear analysis, planigraphic analysis, Shakhty rock-shelter, Eastern Pamir | ||
| References |
Abramowski U., Bergau A., Seebach D. et al. Pleistocene glaciations of Central Asia: results from 10Be surface exposure ages of erratic boulders from the Pamir (Tajikistan) and the Alay–Turkestan range (Kyrgyzstan). Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006, vol. 25, iss. 9–10, pp. 1080–1096. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.003 (in English). Bader O. N. [Sacrificial place under the Pisanyy kamen’ on the Vishera river]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet Archaeology], 1954, iss. 21, pp. 241–258. (in Russ.). Bauman M., Plisson H., Rendu W., Maury S., Kolobova K. A., Krivoshapkin A. I. The Neandertal bone industry at Chagyrskaya cave, Altai Region, Russia. Quaternary International, 2020, vol. 559, pp. 68–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.019 (in English). Chiotti L., Delluc B., Delluc G. Art et parure aurignaciens de l’abri Pataud (les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Dordogne, France) dans le contexte aurignacien du Périgord. Les chemins de l’Art aurignacien en Europe: Colloque International Aurignac 2005. Aurignac: Musée-forum d’Aurignac, 2007, pp. 171–188. (in French). Cleyet-Merle J.-J. Les Abris du Poisson et du Cap Blanc. Paris: Editions du patrimoine, 2016. (in French). Efremova N. S. [Cultic Objects of Northern Asia: Towards the Problem of Definitions]. Problemy arkheologii, etnografii i antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nykh territoriy [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN Publ., 2017, vol. 23, pp. 311–313. (in Russ.). Fisher A, Hansen P. V., Rasmussen P. Macro and micro wear traces on lithic projectile points: experimental results and prehistoric examples. Journal of Danish Archaeology, 1984, vol. 3, iss. 1, pp. 19–46. DOI: 10.1080/0108464X.1984.10589910 (in English). Geneste J.-M., Hordé T., Tanet C. Lascaux: A work of memory. Périgueux: Edition Fanlac, 2004. (in French). Harman J. Using Decorrelation Stretch to Enhance Rock Art Images. American Rock Art Research Association Annual Meeting May 28, 2005. Available at: https://www.dstretch.com/AlgorithmDescription.html (accessed: 11.05.2022). (in English). Harman J. Using DStretch for rock art recording. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 2015, no. 72, pp. 24–30. (in English). Keeley L. H. Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses: a Microwear Analysis. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press, 1980. (in English). Larionova A. V. Planigraficheskiy analiz srednepaleoliticheskoy stoyanki Ketrosy: kand. diss. [Planigraphic analysis of the Middle Paleolithic site of Ketrosa: Diss. Cand.]. Saint Petersburg, 2019. (in Russ.). Lasheras J. A., Fernández Valdés J. M., Montes R. et al. La cueva de Altamira: nuevos datos sobre su yacimiento arqueológico (sedimentología y cronología). El Paleolítico Superior Cantábrico: actas de la Primera Mesa Redonda, San Román de Candamo (Asturias), 26–28 de abril de 2007. Santander: Ediciones de la Universidad de Cantabria D. L., 2012, pp. 67–75. (in Spanish). Leonova N. B. Sovremennoye paleolitovedeniye: metodologiya, kontseptsii, podkhody: dokt. diss. [Modern Paleolithic Studies: Methodology, Concepts, Approaches: Diss. Doct.]. Moscow, 1994. (in Russ.). Mazin A. I. Drevniye svyatilishcha Priamur’ya [Ancient sanctuaries of the Amur region]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1994. (in Russ.). Molodin V. I., Efremova N. S. Grot Kuylyu — kul’tovyy kompleks na reke Kucherle (Gornyy Altay) [Kuilu Grotto — a cult complex on the Kucherla River (Gorny Altai)]. Novosibirsk: IAET SO RAN Publ., 2010. (in Russ.). Plisson H. Examen tracéologique de quelques silex collectés sur le sol de la grotte Chauvet. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 2005, tome 102, no. 1, pp. 145–148. (in French). Plisson H. La fonction des outils de silex dans les grottes ornées paléolithiques. La construction du discours scientifique en archéologie préhistorique. 26e Congrès préhistorique de France à Avignon du 21 au 25 septembre 2004. Paris: Société Préhistorique Française, 2007, pp. 125–132. (in French). Ranov V. A. [Stone Age paintings in the Shakhty rock-shelter]. Sovetskaya etnografiya [Soviet Ethnography], 1961, iss. 6, pp. 70–81. (in Russ.). Ranov V. A. [Study of Stone Age sites in the Eastern Pamirs in 1958]. Arkheologicheskiye raboty v Tadzhikistane [Archaeological works in Tajikistan]. Dushanbe: Izd-vo Akad. nauk Tadzhik. SSR Publ., 1961, iss. 6, pp. 31–35. (in Russ.). Ranov V. A. Arkheologi na “Kryshe mira” [Archaeologists on the “Roof of the World”]. Dushanbe: “Irfon” Publ., 1967. (in Russ.). Ranov V. A. Begushchiye po skalam: naskal’nyye risunki Pamira [The Rocks Runners: Pamir Rock Paintings]. Dushanbe: Donish Publ., 2016. (in Russ.). Ranov V. A., Khudzhageldiev T. U. [Stone Age]. Istoriya Gorno-Badakhshanskoy avtonomnoy oblasti [History of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region]. Dushanbe: Payvand Publ., 2005, vol. 1, pp. 51–107. (in Russ.). Rots V., Plisson H. Projectiles and the abuse of the use-wear method in a search for impact. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2014, vol. 48, pp. 154–165. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.10.027 (in English). Semenov S. A. Pervobytnaya tekhnika (opyt izucheniya drevneyshikh orudiy i izdeliy po sledam raboty) [Primitive technology (experience in the study of ancient tools and products on the traces of work)]. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR Publ., 1957. (Materials and research on the archaeology of the USSR; no. 54). (in Russ.). Sher Ya. A. Petroglify Sredney i Tsentral’noy Azii [Petroglyphs of Middle and Central Asia]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1980. (in Russ.). Shnaider S. V., Ashastina K. A., Alisher kyzy S. et al. [The Results of the Complex Study of the Kurteke Site (Eastern Pamir)]. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy [Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research], 2021, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 284–296. DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-16 (in Russ.). Shnaider S. V., Sayfulloev N. N., Alisher kyzy S. et al. [First Research Results at the Multilayered Site of Istikskaya Cave (Eastern Pamir, Tajikistan)]. Problemy arkheologii, etnografii i antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nykh territoriy [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories], 2019, vol. 25, pp. 293–298. DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.293-298 (in Russ.). Shnayder S. V., Kolobova K. A., Filimonova T. G., Taylor W., Krivoshapkin A. I. New insights into the Epipaleolithic of western Central Asia: The Tutkaulian complex. Quaternary International, 2020, vol. 535, pp. 139–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.001 (in English). Sokolov V. E., Zhirnov L. V. Saygak. Filogeniya, sistematika, ekologiya, okhrana i ispol’zovaniye [Saigak. Phylogeny, taxonomy, ecology, protection and use]. Moscow: Tipografiya Rossel’khozakademii Publ., 1998. (in Russ.). Sovetova O. S., Shishkina O. O., Abolonkova I. V. Naskal’noye iskusstvo Tepseyskogo arkheologicheskogo mikrorayona [Rock art of the Tepsey archaeological microdistrict]. Kemerovo: Vector-Print Publ., 2021. (in Russ.). Taipale N., Chiotti L., Rots V. Why did hunting weapon design change at Abri Pataud? Lithic use-wear data on armature use and hafting around 24,000–22,000 BP. PLoS ONE, 2022, vol. 17, iss. 1, p. e0262185. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262185 (in English). Tanasiychuk V. [Mystery of the Pamir]. Nauka i zhizn’ [Science and Life], 1967, no. 8, pp. 111–125. (in Russ.). Tivanenko A. V. Drevniye svyatilishcha Vostochnoy Sibiri v epokhu kamnya i bronzy [Ancient sanctuaries of Eastern Siberia in the Stone and Bronze Age]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1989. (in Russ.). Zotkina L. V., Abolonkova I. V., Alisher kyzy S., Sayfulloev N. N. [Eastern Pamir Rock Art: Analogies and Concepts about the Age of these Drawings]. Stratum plus. Arkheologiya i kul’turnaya antropologiya [Stratum Plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology], 2022, iss. 2, pp. 203–218. DOI: 10.55086/sp222203218 (in Russ.). Zotkina L. V., Bobomulloev B. S., Solodeinikov A. K., Abolonkova A. V., Schneider S. V., Saifuloev N. N. [New Data on the Rock Paintings of Eastern Pamir]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: istoriya, filologiya [Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology], 2022, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 60–72. DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-3-60-72 (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
