Issue 4 (85)
| PLANNING MODELS OF THE BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENTS (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH IN THE KARAGAILY-AYAT RIVER VALLEY, SOUTHERN TRANS-URALS) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2024 | Number | 4 (85) |
| Pages | 69-80 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 902.2(470.5)“637” | BBK | 63.442.6(235.55) |
| Authors | Koryakova Lyudmila N. Panteleeva Sofya E. Molchanov Ivan V. Bulakova Ekaterina A. Soldatkin Nikolai V. |
Topic | ARCHAEOLOGY OF SETTLEMENTS AND LANDSCAPES |
| Summary | The article considers the layout models of the Bronze Age settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals. A part of the Karagaily-Ayat River valley was chosen as a scientific ground, where during the past two decades six sites containing materials of the Abashevo, Sintashta, Petrovka, Srubnaya (Srubno-Alakul’ variant) and Cherkaskul’ cultures have been studied through excavations and/or non- destructive methods. The obtained radiocarbon dates cover the period from the 21 to the 16 centuries BC. As a result of the study, two basic layout models were identified. Both of them were initially introduced by peoples migrated from the western territories. The first model, represented by blocked development, appeared with the advance of the Abashevo and Sintashta groups into the Southern Trans-Urals. The main structural component of the development was a row of standardsized, closely located dwellings. This pattern, although in a slightly modified form, continued to be reproduced in later periods among the population of the Petrovka, Alakul’ and Cherkaskul’ cultures. The second model (dispersed development) spread with the arrival of the Srubnaya culture population and became the main planning solution within the Srubnaya-Alakul’ contact zone. This model is characterized by variability in the arrangement of houses, a significant distance between structures and the lack of their size standardization. Despite the good visibility in microrelief, the Srubnaya-Alakul’ houses are completely unreadable on the magnetic maps. It seems that this may be due to another construction techniques or materials used. | ||
| Keywords | Bronze Age, Southern Trans-Urals, settlements, layout models, population processes | ||
| References |
Alaeva I. P. [The Elizavetpolskoye-7 Bronze Age Settlement]. Problemy arkheologicheskogo izucheniya Yuzhnogo Urala [Problems of Archaeological Research of the Southern Urals]. Chelyabinsk: Abris Publ., pp. 7–21. (in Russ.). Alaeva I. P. [Bronze Age Settlement System in Southern Trans-Ural Steppes (Based on the Zingeyka River Valley Sites)]. Ekologiya drevnikh i traditsionnykh obshchestv: materialy VI Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Ecology of Ancient and Traditional Societies. VI International Scientific Conference]. Tyumen: TyumNTS SO RAN Publ., 2020, iss. 6, pp. 15–18. (in Russ.). Alaeva I. P. [Settlements Planning Standards of the Alakul Culture of the Southern Trans-Ural Region]. XXII Ural’skoye arkheologicheskoye soveshchaniye: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 300-letiyu pervykh arkheologicheskikh raskopok v Sibiri i 85-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya T. M. Potemkinoy [XXII Ural Archaeological Conference: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference Devoted to the 300th Anniversary of the First Archaeological Excavations in Siberia and to the 85th Anniversary of T. M. Potemkina’ Birth]. Kurgan: Izd-vo Kurganskogo gos. un-ta Publ., 2022, pp. 79–81. (in Russ.). Alaeva I. P. Kul’turnaya spetsifika pamyatnikov pozdnego bronzovogo veka stepnoy zony Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya: kand. diss. [Cultural Specificity of the Late Bronze Age Sites of the Steppe Zone of the Southern Trans-Ural Region: Diss. Cand.]. Moscow, 2015. (in Russ.). Bakhshiyev I. I., Bakhshiyev R. I. [Settling Structure and Models of Organizing Living Space with Ancient Population of Bashkir Trans-Urals (Analysis of Spatial Data)]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2014, no. 2 (25), pp. 40–53. (in Russ.). Batanina I. M., Batanina N. S., Levit N. V., Kaiser E. Archäologische Karte des Flusstals Karagajly-Ajat. Eine Region des vorgeschichtlichen Eurasiens aus der Vogelperspektive. Zwischen Tradition und Innovation: Studien zur Bronzezeit im Trans-Ural (Russische Föderation). Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 2014, pp. 199–305. (in German). Bersenyeva N. A., Epimakhov A. V., Noskevich V. V., Fedorova N. V. [Capabilities of Synthesizing Geophysical and Archaeological Information in the Interpretation of Excavation Results (By the Example of the Bronze Age Settlement of Kamenny Ambar)]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Ar- chaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2015, no. 1 (28), pp. 4–14. (in Russ.). Borzunov V. A., Kiryushin Yu. F., Matyushchenko V. I. [Settlements and Dwelling Places of the Stone and Bronze Ages of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia]. Voprosy arkheologii Urala [Questions of Archaeology of the Urals], 1993, iss. 22, pp. 4–45. (in Russ.). Bulakova E. A., Kostomarov V. M. [Settlement Structure of the Karagaily-Ayat River Valley in the Bronze Age (On Materials of Archaeological Sites)]. Ural’skij istoriceskij vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2020, no. 2 (67), pp. 35–44. DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2020-2(67)-35-44 (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V. [From Archaeology of a Site to Archaeology of Society: Bronze Age of Southern Zauralie]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul’tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies], 2009, no. 3 (25), pp. 92–104. (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Chuyev N. I. [The Abashevo and Sintashta Antiquities: Preliminary Results of Spatial Analysis]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2011, no. 2(15), pp. 47–56. (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Epimakhova M. G. [The Settlement of Kamennaya Rechka III at the Uj River (Issues of Cultural Attribution on the Late Bronze Sites)]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2004, no.4, pp. 96–105. (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Panteleeva S. E., Koryakova L. N. [Wells as a Source of Cultural and Chronological Information: The Case of Kamennyi Ambar, Southern Trans-Urals]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antro- pologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia], 2020, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 95–105. DOI: 10.17746/1563-0102.2020.48.4.095-105 (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Panteleeva S. E., Koryakova L. N. et al. [Chronological Correlation of the Bronze Age Cultural Traditions in the Southern Trans-Urals (Srubnaya-Alakul and Cherkaskul Antiquities)]. Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh Stepei [Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes], 2023, no. 3, pp. 224–234. DOI: 10.24852/2587-6112.2023.3.224.234 (in Russ.). Fedorova N. V., Noskevich V. V., Molchanov I. V. [Results of Geophysical Studies of the Konoplyanka-2 Bronze Century Settlement (South Ural)]. Ural’skiy geofizicheskiy vestnik [Ural Geophysical Journal], 2018, no. 2 (32), pp. 61–66. DOI: 10.25698/UGV.2018.2.8.61 (in Russ.). Fornasier J., Krause R., Koryakova L. N. et al. Architektur, Wirtschaft und Landschaft der Bronzezeitlichen Siedlungen am Nordrand der Eurasischen Steppe im Trans-Ural (Russische Föderation). Eurasia Antiqua, 2014, no. 20, pp. 229–272. (in German). Koryakova L. N., Epimakhov A. V., Krauze R. et al. [Archaeological Studies of the Kamenny Ambar (Olgino) Fortified Settlement]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia], 2011, no. 4 (48), pp. 61–74. (in Russ.). Koryakova L. N., Krause R. et al. [The Settlement of Konoplyanka 2 in the Southern Trans-Urals: New Aspects of Research]. Ural’skij istoriceskij vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2020, no. 4 (69), pp. 61–73. DOI: 10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-61-73. (in Russ.). Koryakova L. N., Molchanov I. V., Bulakova E. A., Soldatkin N. V. [Konoplyanka 2-2 — a New Settlement of the Abashev Culture in the Southern Trans-Urals. Research results of 2019–2021]. XXII Ural’skoye arkheologicheskoye soveshchaniye: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 300-letiyu pervykh arkheologicheskikh raskopok v Sibiri i 85-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya T. M. Potemkinoy [XXII Ural Archaeological Conference: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference Devoted to the 300th An- niversary of the First Archaeological Excavations in Siberia and to the 85th Anniversary of T. M. Potemkina’ Birth]. Kurgan: Izd-vo Kurganskogo gos. un-ta Publ., 2022, pp. 105–108. (in Russ.). Kupriyanova E. V., Batanina N. S., Batanin S. A. [Research on the Settlement System of Ancient Tribes in the Valley of the Uy and Kurasan Rivers in the Village of Stepnoye Area]. Kupriyanova E. V., Zdanovich G. B. Drevnosti lesostepnogo Zaural’ya: mogil’nik Stepnoye VII [Antiquities of the Forest-Steppe Trans-Urals: The Stepnoe VII Burial Ground]. Chelyabinsk: Entsiklopediya Publ., 2015, pp. 179–187. (in Russ.). Multidisciplinary Investigations of the Bronze Age Settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals (Russia). Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 2013. (in English). Noskevich V. V., Fedorova N. V., Molchanov I. V. [Results of Geophysical Studies of the Yandyrka-2 Bronze Century Settlement (South Ural)]. Ural’skiy geofizicheskiy vestnik [Ural Geophysical Journal], 2019, no. 1 (35), pp. 23–27. DOI: 10.25698/UGV.2019.1.4.23 (in Russ.). Panteleeva S. E. [The Settlement of Konoplyanka 2: A New Site of the Cherkaskul’ Culture in the Steppe Trans-Urals (Results of Research on Line 1)]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Ar- chaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography], 2024, no. 1 (24), pp. 59–69. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2024-64-1-5 (in Russ.). Petrov F. N., Kupriyanova E. V. [Specific Features of Landscape Location and Planning of Bronze Age Settlements in the Trans-Ural Steppe]. Istoriko-kul’turnyye protsessy na Yuzhnom Urale v epokhu pozdney bronzy: sovremennyye problemy izucheniya i sokhraneniya kul’turnogo naslediya: materialy Vserossi yskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya N.G. Rutto [Historical and Cultural Processes in the South Urals in the Late Bronze Age: Contemporary Problems of Research and Conservation Cultural Heritage. Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference devoted to the 70th Anniversary of N. G. Rutto’s Birth]. Ufa: Dialog Publ., 2016, pp. 203–221. (in Russ.). Petrova L. Yu. [New Materials to Characterize the Settlements of the Bronze Age of the South Chelyabinsk Region]. Voprosy istorii i arkheologii Zapadnogo Kazakhstana [Issues of History and Archaeology of Western Kazakhstan], 2010, no. 1, pp. 191–220. (in Russ.). Sharapov D. V. Bronze Age Settlement Patterns and the Development of Complex Societies in the Southern Ural Steppes (3500–1400 BC): PhD Diss. Pittsburgh, 2017. (in English). Sharapova S. V., Krauze R., Molchanov I. V. et al. [Multidisciplinary Investigation of Konoplyanka Settlement in the Southern Trans-Urals: Preliminary Results]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: istoriya, filologiya [Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology], 2014, vol. 13, iss. 3, pp. 101–109. (in Russ.). Soldatkin N. V. [Configurations of Fortified Settlements of the Sintashta-Petrovka Type: Forms, Sizes, Transformations]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal], 2021, no. 2 (32), pp. 161–172. DOI: 10.17223/15617793/462/20 (in Russ.). Stefanov V. I. [The Alakul Culture Settlements in the South Urals]. Materialy po arkheologii i etnografii Yuzhnogo Urala: Trudy muzeya-zapovednika Arkaim [Materials of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Southern Urals: Proceedings of the Arkaim Museum-Reserve]. Chelyabinsk: Kamennyy poyas Publ., 1996, pp. 43–63. (in Russ.). The Bronze Age in the Karagaily-Ayat Region (Trans-Urals, Russia). Culture, Environment and Economy. Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 2021. (in English). Vinogradov N. B. [Kulevchi III — The Petrovsky Type Site in the Southern Trans-Ural Region]. Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology], 1982, iss. 169, pp. 94–99. (in Russ.). Zdanovich G. B., Batanina I. M. Arkaim — strana gorodov: Prostranstvo i obrazy [Arkaim — the Land of Cities: Space and Images]. Chelyabinsk: Izd-vo Krokus Publ., 2007. (in Russ.).
|
||
| Download in PDF | |||
