ARCHAEOLOGICAL MICRODISTRICT OF THE LATE BRONZE AGE IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE SINTASHTA RIVER | |||
---|---|---|---|
Year | 2024 | Number | 4 (85) |
Pages | 81-91 | Type | scientific article |
UDC | 902.2(470.5)“637” | BBK | 63.442.6(235.55) |
Authors | Batanina Natalya S. Petrov Fedor N. Petrov Nikolay F. |
Topic | ARCHAEOLOGY OF SETTLEMENTS AND LANDSCAPES |
Summary | The archaeological microdistrict in the middle reaches of the Sintashta River was identified based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of the Bronze Age archaeological sites. It is 31 km long and includes 12 Late Bronze Age settlements, including two fortified ones; as well as nine funerary monuments, which included 105 mounds, and menhirs, located on the outskirts of two settlements. Most of the settlements are located on the terrace above the floodplain on the left, more relief bank of the river, where it was easier to find areas of the terrace above the floodplain, sheltered from the wind by hills from the North. The menhirs are located on the settlement sites slightly above dwellings, and burial mounds are located on both banks of the river, above settlements on the floodplain terrace or on slopes and areas of the bedrock bank. The archaeological sites of the microdistrict reflect the economic and ritual activities of cattle breeders and metallurgists of the Late Bronze Age. The emergence of the microdistrict is associated with the fortified settlements of the Sintashta culture. The heyday of the microdistrict is associated with the most numerous unfortified settlements of the Alakul culture, at the later stage of existence of which the Alakul-Fedorovka and Cherkaskul cultural components appeared. A decline in population was noted during the period of settlement of the Mezhovka culture population on the remnants of Alakul settlements. No archaeological sites of the transition period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age were found on the territory of the microdistrict. | ||
Keywords | Southern Trans-Urals, settlement system, spatial archaeology, Late Bronze Age, settlement, burial ground, menhir | ||
References |
Batanina N. S. [Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Bredinsky District]. Arkheologicheskiye otkrytiya. 2017 god [Archaeological Discoveries. 2017]. Moscow: Institut Arkheologii RAN, 2019, pp. 428–429. DOI: 10.25681/ IARAS.2019.978-5-94375-300-8.428-429 (in Russ.). Borisova I. L., Goryunova N. V., Dumtseva G. I. et. al. [Bredinsky District]. Chelyabinskaya oblast’: entsiklopediya [Chelyabinsk Region: Encyclopedia]. Chelyabinsk: Kamennyy poyas Publ., 2003, vol. 1, pp. 489–492. (in Russ.). Chemyakin Yu. P. [Mirny IV, Settlement]. Chelyabinskaya oblast’: entsiklopediya [Chelyabinsk Region: Encyclopedia]. Chelyabinsk: Kamennyy poyas Publ., 2003, vol. 4, p. 313. (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V. [Alakul Culture Chronology (New Materials for Discussion)] Kratkiye soobshcheniya Instituta arkheologii [Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology], 2023, vol. 270, pp. 171–186. DOI: 10.25681/ IARAS.0130-2620.270.171-186 (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Batanina N. S., Noskevich V. V. et. al. [Fortified Settlement Andreevskoye. History of Function- ing Based on the Results of Multidisciplinary Research] Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nykh territoriy [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Ter- ritories], 2021, vol. 27, pp. 419–426. DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0419-0426 (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Epimakhova M. G. [Syncretic Burial Complex of Komsomolsky II (Late Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals)]. Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel’nykh territoriy [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories], 2022, vol. 28, pp. 516–521. DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2022.28.0516-0521 (in Russ.). Epimakhov A. V., Petrov F. N. [Radiocarbon Chronology of the Bronze Age Cultural Traditions in the Trans- Urals: Based on the Materials of the Levoberezhnoe (Sintashta II) Settlement]. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia [Russian Archaeology], 2021, no. 3, pp. 67–79. DOI: 10.31857/S086960630012103-2 (in Russ.). Gening V. F., Zdanovich G. B., Gening V. V. Sintashta: arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki ariyskikh plemen Uralo- Kazakhstanskikh stepey [Sintashta: Archaeological Sites of the Aryan Tribes of the Ural-Kazakh Steppes]. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Ural’skoye knizhnoye izdatel’stvo Publ., 1992. (in Russ.). Kulikov P. V. [Botanical-Geographical Areas and Floristic Boundaries in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Trans- Urals]. Stepi i lesostepi Zaural’ya: materialy k issledovaniyam [Steppes and Forest-Steppes of the Trans-Urals: Materials to the Studies]. Chelyabinsk: Krokus Publ., 2006, pp. 6–22. (in Russ.). Kupriyanova E. V., Batanina N. S., Batanin S. A. [Studies of the Settlement System of Ancient Tribes in the Valley of the Uy and Kurasan Rivers in the Vicinity of the Village of Stepnoye]. Kupriyanova E. V., Zdanovich D. G. Drevnosti lesostepnogo Zaural’ya: mogil’nik Stepnoye VII [Kupriyanova E. V., Zdanovich D. G. Antiquities of the Forest- Steppe Trans-Urals: Stepnoe VII Burial Ground]. Chelyabinsk: Entsiklopediya Publ., 2015, pp. 179–187. (in Russ.). Makurov Yu. S., Petrov F. N., Valiakhmetov I. A. et. al. [Experience of the “Arkaim” Reserve in Development of Projects of the Boundaries of Objects of Cultural Heritage Located in the Territory of the Chelyabinsk Region]. Stepi Severnoy Yevrazii: materialy IX mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma [Steppes of Northern Eurasia: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium]. Orenburg: OGU Publ., 2021, pp. 528–534. DOI: 10.24412/cl-36359-2021- 528–534 (in Russ.). Mimokhod R. A., Gak E. I., Khomutova T. E. et. al. [Paleoecology — Culture Genesis — Metal Production: The Reasons and Mechanisms of the Change of Periods in the Cultural Space of the South of Eastern Europe at the turn of the Middle and Late Bronze Age]. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia [Russian Archaeology], 2022, no. 1, pp. 24–38. DOI: 10.31857/S0869606322010159 (in Russ.). Mosin V. S. [Andreevka 3, Ancient Man’s Site]. Chelyabinskaya oblast’: entsiklopediya [Chelyabinsk Region: Encyclopedia]. Chelyabinsk: Kamennyy poyas Publ., 2003, vol. 1, p. 127. (in Russ.). Noskevich V. V., Fedorova N. V., Bebnev A. S. et. al. [Results of the Geophysical Research of Bronze Age Archaeological Monuments Andreevskoe (Southern Ural Mountains)]. Ural’skij geofizicheskiy vestnik [Ural Geophysical Journal], 2014, no. 1, pp. 72–80. (in Russ.). Noskevich V. V., Fedorova N. V., Petrov F. N., Batanina N. S. [Reconstruction of the Settlement Levoberezhnoe Plan of the Bronze Age (South Ural, Russia)]. Povolzhskaya arkheologiya [The Volga River Region Archaeology], 2021, no. 3, pp. 142–154. DOI: 10.24852/pa2021.3.37.142.154 (in Russ.). Petrov F. N. [Reconnaissance Research in the Valley of the Sintashta River]. Arkheologicheskiye otkrytiya. 2015 god [Archaeological Discoveries. 2017]. Moscow: Institut Arkheologii RAN, 2017, pp. 403–405. (in Russ.). Petrov F. N. Levoberezhnoye — ukreplennoye poseleniye skotovodov i metallurgov bronzovogo veka [Levoberezhnoye — a Fortified Settlement of the Bronze Age Cattle Breeders and Metallurgists]. Chelyabinsk: Fond Naslediye Publ., 2020. (in Russ.). Petrov F. N., Batanina N. S., Malaya N. V. et.al. [The Levoberezhnoye Settlement (Sintashta II) Based on the Materials of Comprehensive Research in 2015–2017]. Arkheologicheskiye pamyatniki Orenburzh’ya [Archaeological Sites of the Orenburg Region], Orenburg: Izdatel'skiy tsentr OGAU Pub., 2017, vol. 13, pp. 113–139. (in Russ.). Petrov F. N., Kupriyanova E. V. Poseleniya epokhi bronzy v Arkaimskoy doline: po rezul’tatam razvedochnykh issledovaniy 1997–2015 gg. [Bronze Age Settlements in the Arkaim Valley: Based on the Results of the 1997–2015 Reconnaissance Surveys]. Moscow: Fond Naslediye Publ., 2016. (in Russ.). Petrov N. F. [Research of Archaeological Sites of the Sintashta River Valley: Results and Prospects]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: sotsial’no-gumanitarnyye nauki [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series “Social Sciences and the Humanities”], 2021, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 51–58. DOI: 10.14529/ssh210406 (in Russ.). Ruslanov E. V. Arkheologicheskiye mikrorayony Yuzhnogo Urala: teoriya i praktika nauchnogo izucheniya [Archaeological Microdistricts of the Southern Urals: Theory and Practice of Scientific Study]. Ufa: Institut istorii, yazyka i literatury UFITS RAN Publ., 2023. (in Russ.). Sharapov D. V. Bronze Age Settlement Patterns and the Development of Complex Societies in the Southern Ural Steppes (3500–1400 BC): Ph.D. Diss. Pittsburgh, 2017. (in English). Stefanov V. I. [The Alakul Culture Settlements of the Southern Urals]. Materialy po arkheologii i etnografii Yuzhnogo Urala [Materials on Archeology and Ethnography of the Southern Urals]. Chelyabinsk: Kamennyy poyas Publ., 1996, pp. 43–63. (in Russ.). Vokhmintsev A. V., Khristodulo O. I., Romanov M. A. Semantic Classification and Segmentation of Ar- chaeological Sites Based on a Fusion of Object Detector and 3DEF. 2023 International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon), 2023, pp. 122–127. DOI: 10.1109/RusAutoCon58002.2023.10272916 (in English). Vokhmintsev A., Khristodulo O., Melnikov A., Romanov M. Application of Dynamic Graph CNN and FICP for Detection and Research Archaeology Sites. Analysis of Images, Social Networks and Texts (AIST 2023). Cham, 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 14486. P. 294–308. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031- 54534-4_21 (in English). Vokhmintsev A. V., Melnikov A. V., Romanov M. A., Shitselov A. V. [System of Remote Research of Archaeological Sites Using Deep Machine Learning Methods]. Dvadtsat’ pervaya Natsional’nayakonferentsiyapoiskusstvennomu intellektu s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem [Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence with International Participation]. Smolensk: Print-Ekspress Publ., 2023, vol. 1, pp. 344–356. (in Russ.). Zakharov S. G. [Sintashta, Syntasty, River]. Chelyabinskaya oblast’: entsiklopediya [Chelyabinsk Region: Encyclopedia]. Chelyabinsk: Kamennyy poyas Publ., 2006, vol. 6, p. 46. (in Russ.). Zdanovich G. B., Batanina I. M. Arkaim — Strana gorodov: prostranstvo i obrazy [Arkaim — The Land of Cities: Space and Images]. Chelyabinsk: Krokus Publ., 2007. (in Russ.). |
||
Download in PDF |