Issue 4 (85)
| SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE SOVIET ECONOMIC STRATEGIES OF THE 1930S–1960S | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2024 | Number | 4 (85) |
| Pages | 125-134 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 94(47)”1930/1960” | BBK | 63.3(2)6 |
| Authors | Artemov Evgenii T. Vodichev Evgeny G. |
Topic | 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES |
| Summary | The article endeavors to formulate several hypotheses concerning the role of the scientific and technical imperative in Soviet economic strategies spanning the period from the 1930s to the 1960s. This conceptualization facilitates the characterization of “Soviet scientific project,” denoting purposeful endeavors to leverage scientific, technical, and technological advancements within the Soviet industrial system. The study draws on the theoretical foundations of W. Rostow regarding the stages of economic growth, coupled with the theory of catch-up accelerated modernization. The interplay between the pace of economic growth and the expansion of scientific and technical activities during the Soviet industrialization “take-off” is elucidated, as manifested in scientific and technological policy. The article presents interpretations addressing the paradox of why the pronounced emphasis on scientific, engineering and technological factors, pivotal in propelling the USSR’s industrial advancement, ultimately encapsulated in the Soviet paradigms of scientific and technological progress and scientific and technological revolution, failed to sustain positive economic dynamics. The conclusion drawn posits that in the conditions of maintaining the basic economic model in the USSR, it was not possible to carry out a frontal modernization of production, and the country encountered challenges in effecting a comprehensive modernization of production based on cutting-edge scientific achievements and technologies. The creation of an integrated national innovation system and the facilitation of a balanced transition from the “take-off” phase to sustained self-sustaining growth proved elusive. | ||
| Keywords | technical and technological progress, economic strategies, science and technology policy, national innovation system, catch-up accelerated modernization | ||
| References |
Artemov E. T. [Eastern Regions in the Design of the Pre-War General Economic Plan]. EKO. Vserossiyskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal [ECO. All-Russian Economic Journal], 2013, vol. 43 (1), pp. 151–166. (in Russ.). Artemov E. T. [Mobilizations and Competition in the Soviet Nuclear Project]. EKO. Vserossiyskiy ekonomicheskiy zhurnal [ECO. All-Russian Economic Journal], 2019, vol.49, no. 7, pp. 156–172. DOI: 10.30680/ÅÑÎ0131-7652-2019-7-156-172 (in Russ.). Artemov E. T. Atomnyy proyekt v koordinatakh stalinskoy ekonomiki [The Nuclear Project in the Coordi- nates of Stalin’s Economy]. Moscow: Politicheskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 2017. (in Russ.). Bokarev Yu. P. SSSR i stanovleniye postindustrial’nogo obshchestva na Zapade, 1970–1980-ye gody [The USSR and the Formation of Post-Industrial Society in the West, 1970–1980s]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2007. (in Russ.). Chemodanov M. P. Kontseptsiya rosta nauki i faktor intensifikatsii [The Concept of Scientific Growth and Intensification Factor]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1982. (in Russ.). Dolgova E. A., Gribovskiy M. V., Dezhina I. G. et al. Nauka bol’shoy strany. Sovetskiy opyt upravleniya [Science of a Big Country. Soviet Management Experience]. Moscow: RGGU Publ., 2023. (in Russ.). Galushka A. S., Niyazmetov A. K., Okulov M. O. Kristall rosta k russkomu ekonomicheskomu chudu [A Growth Crystal to the Russian Economic Miracle]. Moscow: Nashe Zavtra Publ., 2021. (in Russ.). Graham L. Smozhet li Rossiya konkurirovat’? Istoriya innovatsiy v tsarskoy, sovetskoy i sovremennoy Rossii [Lonely Ideas: Can Russia Compete?]. Moscow: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber Publ., 2014. (in Russ.). Kalinov V. V. [The Achievements and Failures of the State Scientific and Technical Policy of the USSR in the Postwar Period]. Rossiyskiy tekhnologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Technological Journal], 2018, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 73–87. DOI: 10.32362/2500-316X-2018-6-1-73-87 (in Russ.). Komkov N. I. [Complex Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Development: The Experience and Lessons]. Problemy prognozirovaniya [Problems of Forecasting], 2014, no. 2 (143), pp. 3–17. (in Russ.). Kordonskiy S. Rynki vlasti. Administrativnyye rynki SSSR i Rossii [Markets for Public Power. Administrative Markets of the USSR and Russia]. Moscow: OGI Publ., 2006. (in Russ.). Kuznets S. Notes on the Take-off. The Economics of Take-off into Sustained Growth. Economics of Take-Off Into Sustained Growth: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the International Economic Association. Lon- don; Melbourne; Toronto: Palgrave Macmillan, 1963, pp. 22–43. (in English). Makarov V. L., Varshavskiy A. E. [Science, High-Tech Industries and Innovation]. Ekonomika Rossii. Oksfordskiy sbornik [The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy]. Moscow: Izd-vo Instituta Gaydara Publ., 2015, vol. 2, pp. 815–846. (in Russ.). Nauchnyye kadry SSSR: dinamika i struktura [Scientific Personnel of the USSR: Dynamics and Structure]. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1991. (in Russ.). Nayshul’ V. [The Highest and Final Stage of Socialism]. Pogruzheniye v tryasinu: Anatomiya zastoya [A Plunge into the Quagmire: Anatomy of Stagnation]. Moscow: Progress Publ., 1991, pp. 31–62. (in Russ.). Nekrasov V. L. «Dilemma Khrushcheva»: reformy Gosplana SSSR, neftekhimicheskiy proyekt i vyzovy kholodnoy voyny (vtoraya polovina 1950-kh — pervaya polovina 1960-kh gg.) [“Khrushchev’s Dilemma”: Reforms of the USSR State Planning Committee, the Petrochemical Project and the Challenges of the Cold War (Second Half of the 1950s – First Half of the 1960s)]. Moscow: IVI RAN Publ., 2019. (in Russ.). Poberezhnikov I. V., Artemov E. T. [The Soviet Experience of Achieving the Technical & Economic Independence of the Country]. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 2024, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 429–439. DOI: 10.31857/S0869587324050044 (in Russ.). Rostow W. W. Politics and the Stages of Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971. (in English). Rostow W. W. The Process of Economic Growth. London; Oxford: Clarendon press, 1960. (in English). Rostow W. W. The Stages of Economic Growth. A Noncommunist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960. (in English). Uzbekova Yu. I. [The Activities of the Council for Science with the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1963– 1964) in the Context of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Science’s Regional Science Policy]. Gumanitarnyye nauki v Sibiri [Humanitarian Sciences in Siberia], 2007, no. 2, pp. 13–16. (in Russ.). Varshavskiy A. E., Sirotkin O. S. [Problems of Russian Science]. Put’ v XXI vek. Strategicheskiye problemy i perspektivy rossiyskoy ekonomiki [The Route to the 21st Century. Strategic Problems and Prospects of the Russian Economy]. Moscow: Ekonomika Publ., 1999, pp. 344–359. (in Russ.). Vodichev E. G. Nauka na vostoke SSSR v usloviyakh industrializatsionnoy paradigm [Science on the East of the USSR under the Paradigm of Industrialisation]. Novosibirsk: Geo Publ., 2012. (in Russ.). Vodichev E. G., Krasil’nikov S. A., Lamin V. A. et al. Rossiyskaya akademiya nauk. Sibirskoye otdeleniye. Istoricheskiy ocherk [The Russian Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch. Historical Essays]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 2007. (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
