Issue 3 (60)
| MOBILE HOUSES OF THE CHUKCHI HERDERS: TRADITION AND INNOVATION | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2018 | Number | 3(60) |
| Pages | 40-49 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 39(=947.12) | BBK | 63.521(=753.1.) |
| Authors | Perevalova Elena V. Kukanov Denis A. |
Topic | MOBILITIES AND DYNAMICS IN ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY |
| Summary | The article focusing on the traditional and innovative technologies of the mobile (portable) nomadic Chukchi houses construction is based on the materials of the field studies in Chukotka in 2014, 2015 and 2017. One of the things which the evolution of the Soviet collective farming approach to reindeer herding alongside with the commercial development of Chukotka’s natural and mineral resources in 1960–1980-s offered the Chukchi herders was a fur-lined tent, the design of which was a combination of the winter yaranga and the geologists' tent, while the traditional summer yaranga continued to be used by the nomadic herders without any structural modifications. Despite some transformations of the basic design it preserved all the essential characteristics of the winter dwelling dictated by the nomadic technologies: the movement of the yaranga-tent within the economic cycle, spatial organization, resource-things turnover, and minimalism. The external novation has successfully displaced the most irrational and labor-intensive component of the traditional winter dwelling of the Chukchi herders: half of the yaranga was replaced with a “tent”, which excluded the need for a close-fitted and requiring daily care (beating out, freezing out) canopy while maintaining the main principles of its design and usage — double chamber design (preservation of heat), good wind shape (the tundra winds resistance), renewability (possibility to replace any structural element) and mobility (prefabricated, detached structure, relative ease of transportation, which offered an opportunity to move with the herds). | ||
| Keywords | Chukchi herders, dwelling, yaranga, fur-lined tent, tradition, novation, nomadic technologies, mobility | ||
| References |
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