Issue 1 (62)
| WELLS OF KAMENNY AMBAR FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2019 | Number | 1(62) |
| Pages | 17-27 | Type | scientific article |
| UDC | 903.48(470.5) | BBK | 63.442.6(235.55) |
| Authors | Koryakova Lyudmila N. Panteleeva Sofya E. |
Topic | ARCHAEOLOGY OF LIFESTYLE |
| Summary | In the domestication of water resources there are two main strategies. A passive strategy covers many adaptive kinds of the surface water resources usage. An active strategy includes actions to save drinking water, as well as its extraction and use in various sectors of the economy. Artificial wells for obtaining water, as a manifestation of an active strategy, are early hydrotechnical structures. The article gives a brief excursion into the history of the origin of the tradition of the construction of shaft wells, related in time and in essence to the Neolithic revolution in the Middle East, from where they spread to Europe. In Eurasia, early wells are associated with the Bronze Age settlements. They occur in the settlements of the Sintashta, Alakul, Srubna, Cherkaskul cultures, and for the most part they are characteristic of the steppe zone, but are also found in the forest-steppe. The article also examines various aspects of studying the wells of the sixth excavation unit of the Kamenny Ambar fortified settlement. A brief description of the studied wells is given, their relationship with residential buildings, parameters, design, chronology and cultural attribution are analyzed. The problem of their functional purpose is discussed as well. | ||
| Keywords | archaeology of settlements, Syntashta-Petrovka period, Srubno-Alakul period, Bronze Age, South Trans-Urals, wells, water | ||
| References |
Alaeva I. P. [Wells of the Bronze Age settlements of the Ural-Kazakhstan region]. Severnaya Evraziya v epokhu bronzy: prostranstvo, vremya, kul’tura [Northern Eurasia in the Bronze Age: space, time, culture]. Barnaul: AlGU Publ., 2002, pp. 7–9. (in Russ.). Alaeva I. P. Kul’turnaya spetsifika pamyatnikov pozdnego bronzovogo veka stepnoy zony Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya: kand. diss. [Cultural specificity of the Late Bronze Age monuments of the steppe zone of the Southern Trans-Urals: Diss. Cand.]. Moscow, 2015, 539 p. (in Russ.). Al-Tikriti Ya. The south-east Arabian origin of falaj. Proceedings of Seminar for Arabian Sudies, 2002, no. 32, pp. 117–138. (in English). Ashkenazi E. Ancient Well Reveals Secrets of First Jezreel Valley Farmers. HAARETZ, 2012, 9 November. Available at: https://www.haaretz.com/one-of-world-s-oldest-wells-found-in-israel-1.5197284 (accessed: 09.06.2018). (in English). Eldar I., Nir Y. Ancient wells and their geoarchaeological significance in detecting tectonics of the Israel Mediterranean coastline region. Geology, 1987, no. 15 (1), pp. 3–6. (in English). Epimakhov A. V., Berseneva N. A. [Wells construction tradition in the arid part of Northern Eurasia in the Bronze Age]. Kultury stepnoy Evrazii i ikh vzaimodeystvie s drevnimi tsivilizatsiyami [Cultures of the Eurasia steppe zone and their interaction with ancient civilizations]. Saint Petersburg: IIMK RAN, “Peripheriya” Publ., 2012, book 2, pp. 164–168. (in Russ.). Galili E., Nir Y. The submerged pre-pottery Neolithic water well at Atlit-Yam, northern Israel, and its paleoenvironmental implications. The Holocene, 1993, no. 3, pp. 265–270. (in English). Galili E., Sharvi J. Submerged Neolithic Water-Wells from the Carmel Coast of Israel. Brunnen der Jungsteinzeit. Internationales Symposium in Erkelenz 27–29 October 1997. Materialien zur Denkmlapflege im Rheinland [Wells of the Neolithic. International Symposium in Erkelenz 27–29 October 1997. Materials for the preservation of monuments in the Rhineland]. Bonn: Habel, 1998, no. 11, pp. 31–44. (in English). Gebel H. The Domestication of Water. Evidence from Early Neolithic Ba‛ja? Men of Dikes and Canals. The Archaeology of Water in the Middle East. Intern. Symp. at Petra in 1999. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, 2004, vol. 13, pp. 25–31. (in English). Gening V. F., Zdanovich G. B., Gening V. V. Sintashta. Arkheologicheskiy pamyatnik ariyskikh plemen Uralo-Kazakhstanskikh stepey [Sintashta: Archaeological sites of Aryan tribes of the Ural-Kazakh steppes]. Chelyabinsk: Yuzhno-Ural’skoye kn. izd-vo Publ., 1992, vol. 1, 408 p. (in Russ.). Grigoriev S. A., Rusanov I. A. [Experimental reconstruction of metallurgical production]. Arkaim: Issledovaniya. Poiski. Otkrytiya [Arkaim: Research. Search. Discoveries]. Chelyabinsk: Tvorch. Ob”yedineniye “Kamennyy poyas” Publ., 1995, pp. 147–159. (in Russ.). Grigoriev S. A., Tideman E. V., Petrova L. Yu. [The stratigraphic situation at the Mochishche I Late Bronze Age settlement in the South Trans-Urals]. Izvestiya Chelyabinskogo nauchnogo tsentra [Proceedings of the Chelyabinsk Scientific Center], 2007, iss. 2 (36), pp. 86–90. (in Russ.). Grigoriev S. À. [Metallurgical production in the Southern Urals in the Middle Bronze Age]. Drevnyaya istoriya Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya [Ancient history of the South Trans-Urals]. Chelyabinsk: Rifey Publ., 2000, pp. 444–531. (in Russ.). Koryakova L. N., Kuzmina S. A. [Certain specifics of Kamenny Ambar fortified settlement architecture in the context of life style of the South Transuralian population of the early 2nd millennium BC]. Ural’skij istoriceski vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2017, no. 1 (54), pp. 92–102. (in Russ.). Marseen O. [Prehistory wells]. Kuml. Årbog for Jysk Arkælogisk Selskab [Kuml. Yearbook for Jysk Archaeological Society], 1956, no. 6, pp. 68–85. (in Danish). Minichreiter K. Slavonski Brod: Galovo — deset godina arheoloških istraživanja (ten years of archaeological excavations) [Slavonski Brod: Galovo — ten years of archaeological excavations]. Zagreb: Institut za arheologiju, 2007, 208 p. (in Croatian). Multidisciplinary investigations of the Bronze Age settlements in the Southern Trans-Urals (Russia). Bonn: Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 2013, 352 p. (in English). Nelson H. Zur inneren Gliederung und Verbreitung neolitischer Gruppen in südlichen Neiderelbegebiet [On the internal organization and distribution of Neolithic groups in the Southern Lower Elbe area]. BAR. International series, 459, I-II. Oxford: Archaeopress, 1988, 485 p. (in German). Petelenburg E., Croft P., Jackson A., Mccartney C., Murrey M. Well-Established Colonies: Mylouthkia 1 and the Cypro-Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. The Earliest Prehistory of Cyprus: From Colonization to Exploitation. Boston, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 61–94. (in English). Possehl G. The Indus civilization. A contemporary perspective. Walnut Creek: Alatmira Press, 2004, 276 p. (in English). Rühl L., Herbig C., Stobbe A. Archaeobotanical analysis of plant use at Kamennyi Ambar, a Bronze Age fortified settlement of the Sintashta culture in the southern Trans-Urals steppe, Russia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2014, no. 24 (3), pp. 413–426. (in English). Rühl L., Koryakova L.N., Krause R., Stobbe A. [Wells of the fortified Bronze Age settlement Kamennyi Ambar (Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia)]. Ekologiya drevnikh i traditsionnykh obshchestv: materialy V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Ecology of ancient and traditional societies: materials of the 5th International Scien. Conf.]. Tyumen: TyumGU Publ., 2016, iss. 5, part 2, pp. 187–192. (in English). Stauble H., Hiller A. An Extended Prehistoric Well Field in the Opencast Mine Area of Zwickau, Germany. Radiocarbon, 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 721–733. (in English). Tegel W., Elburg R., Hakelberg D., Stauble H., Buntgen U. Early Neolithic Water Wells Reveal the World’s Oldest Wood Architecture. PLOS ONE, 2012, vol. 7 (12), pp. 1–8. (in English). The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, 896 p. (in English). Waals J. D. Excavation of two Beaker domestic sites near Kolhorn. General introduction. Paleohistoria, 1989, vol. 31, pp. 139–156. (in English). Ward P. The Origin and Spread of Qanats in the Old World. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 1968, vol. 112, no. 3, pp. 170–181. (in English). Zakh V. A. Poselok drevnikh skotovodov na Tobole [The settlement of ancient pastoralists on the Tobol river]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1995, 96 p. (in Russ.). Zdanovich G. B. [Arkaim — a cultural complex of the Middle Bronze Age of the South Trans-Urals]. Rossiyskaya arkheologiya [Russian Archaeology], 1997, no. 2, pp. 47–62. (in Russ.). |
||
| Download in PDF | |||
